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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Types as to Axis Stabilization that use angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw stabilization.	Spinners
Types as to Axis Stabilization that use angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw stabilization.	Spinners
refers to the satellite orientation with respect to the earth.	Satellite Altitude
In this orbit, the altitude of the satellite is constant and equal to several hundreds of kilometers	Circular Inclined Orbit (Polar Orbit)
a spacecraft placed in orbit around the earth which carries on board microwave receiving and transmitting equipment (repeater)	Satellite
year that moon was the first passive satellite used	1940’s – 1950’s
year that the U.S. Navy conducted the Earth Moon Earth	1954
year that Russia launched the SPUTNIK 1 the first active satellite	1957
transmitted telemetry information for nearly 5 months	Explorer I
year that Score - with on-board tape recording, the first artificial satellite used for relaying terrestrial communications	19 58
- accomplish the first transatlantic transmission	Echo
- the first transponder type satellite lasted only 417 days	Courier
the first active satellite	Sputnik 1
the first active satellite to simultaneously receive and transmit radio signals	Telstar I
- was electronically identical to Telstar I, except it was more radiation resistant	Telstar II
was the first attempt to place geosynchronous satellite into orbit but was lost during orbit injection	Syncom I
- used to broadcast the 1964 Olympic Games from Tokyo	Syncom III
first commercial telecommunications satellite	Intelsat I (Early Bird)
first domestic satellite by the Soviet Union	Molniya
must accelerate to at least 25,039 mph (40,320 kph) to completely escape Earth's gravity and fly off into space.	A rocket
is the velocity needed to achieve balance between gravity's pull on the satellite and the inertia of the satellite's motion. -- the satellite's tendency to keep going.	Orbital velocity
is the external force required to make a body follow a circular path at constant speed.	The centripetal force
(from Latin centrum "centre" and fugere "to flee") is a term which may refer to two different forces which are related to rotation.	entrifugal force
a communication path formed between two or more ground stations transmitting and receiving radio communications traffic via a satellite.	Satellite Link
refers to the satellite orientation with respect to the earth.	Satellite Altitude
the path of a celestial body or satellite in “unpowered flight”	Orbit
point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from South to North	Ascending node
point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from North to South.	Descending Node
The highest point of the orbit or it is the point in an earth satellite orbit, which is farthest away from earth	Apogee
The point in an earth satellite orbit, which is closest in the earth	Perigee
a number between zero and one which describe the shape of an ellipse. A circle has an eccentricity of zero	Eccentricity
the angle between the line that passes through the center of the earth and the north pole and a line that passes through the center of the earth but which is also perpendicular to the orbital plane.	Angle of Inclination
angle that appears between the line from the earth’s station antenna to the satellite.	Angle of elevation
angle measured clockwise with respect to north	Azimuth
the measure of the portion of the earth's surface visible to the satellite	Coverage angle
Satellite will orbit a primary body following an elliptical path.	First Law
The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the foci.	Kepler's first law
(Law of Areas) Equal intervals of time a satellite will sweep out equal areas in the orbital plane, focused at the barycenter.	Second Law:
covers approximately one-third of earth's	Earth Coverage
covers up to 20% of the earth’s surface.	Hemispherical coverage
– beams concentrate the radiated power in a very small geographic area	Spot Coverage
covers less than one-third of earth’s surface	Zonal Coverage
a geographic representation of a satellite’s radiation pattern, with contour lines representing limits of equal receive power density.	Satellite Footprint
the use of the same frequency beamed towards different geographic areas on earth multiple spot beam antennas.	Multiple Coverage Areas
– sending different information signals using vertical or horizontal electromagnetic polarization. This is similar to Polarization Diversity in order to improve system stability	Dual polarization
use angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw stabilization	Spinners
body remains fixed relative to earth’s surface while an internal subsystem provides roll and yaw stabilization	3-axis Stabilizers
Types of Satellite Transmissions: actual information conveyed through the system	Payload
Types of Satellite Transmissions: includes control mechanisms that support the payload operation.	Bus Transmission
Types as to functions; a communications satellite not equipped with electronic devices to retransmit communications. Such satellite act as a reflector of radio waves.	Passive Satellite
Types as to functions; a satellite equipped with electronic devices to receive, amplify, convert and retransmit signals.	Active Satellite
Types as to Axis Stabilization that use angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw stabilization.	Spinners
any other orbit not classified as polar or equatorial used where communications is desired to regions of high latitude	Elliptical Inclined-Orbiting Satellite
A type of orbit taken by a nonsynchronous satellite that is orbiting in the same direction as the earth’s rotation	Prograde or Posigrade Orbit
A type of orbit taken by a nonsynchronous satellite that is orbiting in the opposite direction as the earth’s rotation	Retrograde Orbit
This orbit is particularly stable with respect to irregularities inn terrestrial gravitational potential.	Elliptical Orbit
In this orbit, the altitude of the satellite is constant and equal to several hundreds of kilometers	Circular Inclined Orbit (Polar Orbit)
The most popular is the geostationary satellite orbit. The satellite orbits around the earth at an altitude of 35,855 km, and in the same direction as the earth.	Circular Orbit with Zero Inclination (Equatorial Orbit)
covers links between satellites and earth fixed stations.	Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)
covers satellite links stations that maybe in motion.	Mobile Satellite Service
include TV (DBS-TV) and audio (DBSA)	Broadcast Service
provide satellite services within a single country.	National / Domestic Satellite (DomSat)
provides services confined to specific regions only.	Regional Satellite
provides services globally.	Global Satellite
The satellite rotates in an orbit above the equator	Circular Equatorial-Orbiting Satellite
Rotates in an orbit that takes over north and south pole. It follows an orbit close to earth and passes over or very close to the poles.	Circular Polar-Orbiting Satellite
accomplish the first transatlantic transmission	Echo
year that AT & T launched the TELSTAR 1 the first duplex satellite transmission	1962
year that AT & T launched TELSTAR H for telephone, TV, fax and data transmission	1963
COMSAT launched the EARLY BIRD( first commercial operational synchronous comm. Sat) which transmitted messages to five earth stations with 66 telephone circuits using EDM techniques	1965
year that The National Development Company and POTC established the DOMSAT ushering satellite technology to the Philippines	1966
year that PHILCOMSAT; Philippines, installed the first earth station at the foot of Sierra Madre Mountains, Mount Pinugay, Baras, Rizal	1967
year that Western Union launched the WESTAR for TV and data transmission	1974
year that Indonesia launched its first satellite; PALAPA A-1	1976
year that Thailand launched its first satellite; THAICOM 1.	1993
year that Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation launched AGUILLA II; the first Philippine Satellite	1997