| What was Henry Kissinger’s role in Middle Eastern diplomacy in 1974-5? | He engaged in 'shuttle diplomacy' between Israeli, Egyptian, and Syrian capitals. |
| What key agreement was reached about Israeli forces in 1974-5? | Israeli forces would withdraw from part of the Golan Heights and the Suez Canal area. |
| What role did the UN play in the disengagement treaties? | UN peacekeeping forces patrolled the Golan Heights and Suez Canal area. |
| What significant announcement did Sadat make in November 1977? | He announced his intention to fly to Israel to negotiate a peace settlement. |
| What were two key issues Sadat and Begin discussed in peace negotiations? | The return of Arab land and Palestinian statehood. |
| Why did talks between Sadat and Begin stall? | Begin demanded control of the West Bank, while Sadat demanded Palestinian self-determination. |
| What was President Carter’s involvement in the peace process? | He invited Sadat and Begin to Camp David for discussions after visiting Jerusalem and Cairo. |
| When was the Treaty of Washington signed? | March 26, 1979. |
| Which two nations signed the Treaty of Washington? | Egypt and Israel. |
| What was the significance of Egypt’s recognition of Israel? | Egypt became the first Arab state to officially recognize Israel as a legitimate state. |
| What territorial concession did Israel agree to in the Treaty of Washington? | Israel agreed to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula. |
| What agreement was made about Palestinian governance in the Camp David Accords? | The election of a self-governing Palestinian authority was proposed. |
| What was agreed about the Suez Canal and the Straits of Tiran? | Israel was guaranteed free access to both waterways. |
| What issue remained unresolved at Camp David despite the agreements? | No agreement was reached on the status of Jerusalem. |
| Why was the treaty considered a diplomatic triumph for President Carter? | He had created alliances with both Israel and Egypt. |
| Why did the treaty undermine the US's image as a neutral mediator? | It failed to secure Palestinian autonomy. |
| What benefit did Israel gain from the treaty in terms of security? | It neutralized Egypt, the biggest Arab power, and exchanged land for peace. |
| What did the USA promise Israel regarding oil? | The USA agreed to meet or subsidize Israel’s oil needs for the next 15 years. |
| What territorial benefit did Egypt gain from the treaty? | Egypt regained the Sinai Peninsula. |
| Why did some Arab states and Islamist elements oppose the treaty? | They were angered by Egypt's recognition of Israel, leading to Sadat's assassination in 1981. |
| How did the treaty impact Palestinians? | It increased their vulnerability due to continued Israeli settlement construction in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and a lack of dialogue with the PLO. |
