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level: Drugs part 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Drugs part 2

Question	Answer
Side effects include gastrointestinal upset, urine that is discoloured a dark yellowbrown hue and hypersensitivity reactions. It has the capacity to cause pulmonary reactions, such as pneumocystis, as well as causing peripheral neuropathy	nitrofurantoin
binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and blocking translocation (preventing elongation of the polypeptide chain).	clarithromycin and erythromycin
A synthetic macrolides – such as have enhanced activity against Gram-negative organisms compared to erythromycin. For this reason, macrolides are routinely used as part of triple or quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori	clarithromycin and azithromycin
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colitis. Other effects include cholestatic jaundice, QT prolongation and – at higher doses – ototoxicity.	macrolides
Gastrointestinal side effects are more common with ,_ because it is also a motilin agonist; meaning it has a gastroprokinetic effect.	erythromycin
Aminoglycosides – whose members include _ are effective against Gram-negative aerobes (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa).	gentamicin and tobramycin
Side effects with aminoglycosides include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Ototoxicity risk of aminoglycosides increases when taken with _.	loop diuretics or vancomycin
Risk of nephrotoxicity in aminoglycoside increases when taken with	cephalosporins, ciclosporin, platinum chemotherapy or vancomycin
aminoglycosides administered by	Oral route because of highly polarised
Drugs that work as _ include penicillins, cephalosporins, glycopeptides (for example – vancomycin) and carbapenems (for example – imipenem).	cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Urine discoloration: blue	cimetidine, amitriptyline
Urine discoloration: brown	nitrofurantoin, metronidazole, ferrous salts
Urine discoloration: Pink	Heparin
Urine discoloration: dark orange	phenazopyridine
Urine discoloration: red	lead poisoing
Urine discoloration: red black	L-dopa