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level: DRUG AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DRUG AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

Question	Answer
Cross-allergenicity	Penicillins
Cross-allergenicity, Contraindicated in patients with history of anaphylaxis to penicillins.Disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol	Cephalosporins
“Red person” syndrome	Vancomycin
“Gray baby syndrome,” aplastic anemia	Chloramphenicol
Arrhythmias with coadministration of astemizole	Macrolides
Clostridium difficile colitis	Clindamycin
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity	Aminoglycosides
Discolored teeth, enamel dysplasia, and bone growth, disturbances in children	Tetracycline
Cross-allergenicity with other sulfa drugs and with certain diuretics and hypoglycemics	Sulfa drugs
Tendonitis, Achilles tendon rupture, contraindicated in patients less than 18 years old because of effects on cartilage development	Fluoroquinolones
Shocklike reaction	Amphotericin B
Arrhythmias with astemizole	Azole antifungals
Hepatotoxicity prevented by coadministration of pyridoxine	Isoniazid
Visual disturbances	Ethambutol
Ethambutol	Pyrazinamide
Hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency	Dapsone
Anemia	Zidovudine (AZT)
Neuropathy, pancreatitis	Didanosine (ddI)
Neuropathy	Stavudine (d4T)
Hypersensitivity reaction	Abacavir
Central nervous system toxicity	Efavirenz, Rimantadine, amantadine
Hepatotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, nephrolithiasis lipodystrophy	Protease inhibitors
Nephropathy	Acyclovir
Neutropenia	Ganciclovir
Renal toxicity	Foscarnet
Anemia	Ribavirin
Flulike symptoms	Interferons
Lactic acidosis	Lamivudine
Bronchospasm	Zanamavir
Arrythmias, visual aberrations	Digoxin
Tachycardia, headaches, and tolerance	Nitrates
Constipation	Verapamil
Bradycardia and asthma	β-adrenergic blockers
Torsades-like arrhythmia	Quinidine and sotalol
Lupus-like reaction	Procainamide
Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and constipation	Amiodarone
First-dose orthostatic hypotension	Prazosin
Rebound hypertension on acute drug cessation	Clonidine
Positive Coombs test	Methyldopa
Orthostatic hypotension	Guanethidine
Depression	Reserpine
Lupus-like syndrome	Hydralazine
Hirsutism, marked salt and water retention	Minoxidil
Dry cough, contraindicated in renal disease	ACE inhibitors
Bloating	Resins
Severe muscle pain	HMG-CoA reductase nhibitors
Flushing	Niacin
Neural tube defects	Valproic acid
Nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, ataxia, hirsutism	Phenytoin
Diplopia, ataxia	Carbamazepine
Movement disorders, behavioral aberrations in children	Gabapentin
Agitation, confusion, psychosis	Vigabatrin
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, sweating, cutaneous vasodilation, and bronchial constriction	Muscarinics
Convulsions, respiratory paralysis, and hypertension	Nicotinics
Signs of muscarinic and nicotinic toxicities	Cholinesterase inhibitors
Hyperthermia due to blockage of sweating mechanisms decreased salivation and lacrimation, acute-angleclosure glaucoma in the elderly, urinary retention,constipation, blurred vision, delirium, and hallucinations	Antimuscarinics
Respiratory paralysis	Antinicotinics
Marked increase in blood pressure, tachycardia	Adrenergics
Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia	α-adrenergic blockers
Bradycardia, atrioventricular blockade, negative inotropy,bronchiolar constriction, hypoglycemia	β-adrenergic blockers
Drowsiness	H1 antagonists
Inhibitor of drug-metabolizing enzymes	H2-cimetidine
α and H1 antagonism	Ketanserin
Diarrhea and headache	Ondansetron
Serotonin antagonists	Ketanserin & Ondansetron
Ischemia and gangrene, fibroplasia of connective tissue, uterine contractions, and hallucinations	Ergot alkaloids
Hypokalemia, ototoxicity	Loop diuretics
Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia,hyperlipidemia	Thiazides
Hyperkalemia	Potassium-sparing diuretics
Gynecomastia and antiandrogenic effects	Spironolactone
Hyponatremia	ADH
Masculinizing effects	Androgens
Breakthrough bleeding and breast tenderness	Estrogens
Thyrotoxicosis	Thyroid hormones
Adrenal suppression, salt retention, diabetes,osteoporosis	Glucocorticoids
Hypoglycemia	Insulin & Sulfonylureas
Diarrhea, lactic acidosis in renal or hepatic insufficiency and anoxic states	Biguanides
Possible hepatotoxicity	Thiazolidinediones
Esophageal irritation	Etidronate
Ectopic bone formation, exostosis	Fluoride
Nephrocalcinosis	Vitamin D