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level: metabolism

Questions and Answers List

level questions: metabolism

Question	Answer
- the total of all chemical processes that take place in the body - convert the food you eat into energy and material needed for all life processes - can be regarded as anabolic or catabolic	metabolism
- large molecules are broken down into smaller ones - destructive metabolic processes during which substances are broken down into simpler ones - releases energy	catabolic
- catabolic - takes place in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria - glycolysis: breaks down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, yields two molecules of ATP, takes place in the cytoplasm, doesn't require oxygen - Krebs cycle: pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide, yields 36 molecules of ATP, requires oxygen	cellular respiration
- doesn't require oxygen - takes place in the cytoplasm - glycolysis - requires glucose - produces lactic acid - yields 2 ATP molecules - fast process - short and intense	anaerobic
- requires oxygen - takes place in the mitochondria - Krebs cycle - requires pyruvate - produces water and carbon dioxide - yields 36 ATP - slow process - long and low intensity	aerobic
- adenosine triphosphate - energy from the Krebs cycle is used to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the energy-rich compound, ATP - energy is stored in cells as ATP - when a phosphate molecule is stripped from ATP, energy is released and ATP becomes ADP again	ATP
- 60-80% of the energy produced by the breakdown on ATP is heat, which maintains our body temperature - muscle contractions - active transport across cell membrane - synthesis of large molecules needed for growth and repair - transmission of nerve impulses - cell division - cellular activities such as movement of substance in the cell	uses of energy
- the construction of complex substances from simpler ones - requires energy	anabolic
- proteins are long chains of amino acids - instructions for the assembly of proteins is carried by DNA in the cell nucleus - ribosomes are protein construction sites	protein synthesis
- line the endoplasmic reticulum - made of RNA and consist of a large sub-unit and small sub-unit	ribosomes
- the smallest amount of energy that can sustain life - amount of energy needed to keep the body function at rest	basal metabolic rate