| From the lumen outward, the four tunics that form the wall of the alimentary canal are
arranged in the following correct order: | tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica adventitia (or serosa) |
| The tunica mucosa is composed by: | epithelium, lamina propria, lamina muscularis |
| The lamina muscularis consists in a small layer of: | smooth muscle fibers |
| The submucosal plexi is placed: | in tunica submucosa |
| The myenteric plexus is located: | between the layers of the tunica muscularis |
| From the external surface to the internal surface, list the components of the lips in order: | epidermis and dermis, skeletal muscle, tunica submucosa and tunica mucosa |
| What type of epithelium will have the lips’ mucosa in herbivorous animals? | stratified squamous epithelium, well keratinized or cornified |
| Which component is missing from the soft palate structure? | lamina muscularis |
| What type of epithelium is lining the oropharyngeal surface of the soft palate? | a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Rostrally, the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate is lining by a: | pseudostratified columnar epithelium. |
| Among domestic species the epithelium of the tongue’s mucosa is dorsally: | keratinized stratified squamous |
| In the tongue structure, the muscle tissue is represented by: | skeletal muscle fibers |
| In birds, the tongue is lined by a: | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Among different components, the dentin is composed of: | calcium hydroxyapatite and collagen |
| The odontoblastic processes are integrated in: | the dentin |
| The enamel is consisting of: | calcium hydroxyapatite arranged in large crystals |
| The enamel is located: | along the external surface of the tooth |
| The enamel is produced by: | the ameloblasts |
| The dentin is produced by: | the odontoblasts |
| The cementum is produced by: | the cementoblasts |
| The innermost zone of the tooth pulp contains: | mesenchymal cells |
| The material produced by the odontoblasts is: | the dentin |
| During embryogenesis, the teeth primordia are developed from: | the oral ectoderm and its subjacent mesenchyme |
| Each adult tooth is attached to the alveolar bone using: | the periodontal ligament |
| The dentin is structured by different components except: | the elastic fibers |
| The apical foramen represents: | a small orifice |
| During embryogenesis, the enamel organs are developed from: | the oral ectoderm |
| The salivary glands are: | mixed glands |
| The salivary glands are organised in lobules which contain: | numerous adenomeres |
| In the structure of the salivary glands, each adenomere is bounded by: | myoepithelial cells |
| Components of the salivary glands, the striated ducts are lined by: | a single layer of epithelial cells |
| In the oropharynx, the tunica mucosa consists mostly of: | a stratified squamous epithelium |
| In the nasopharynx and the laryngopharynx, the tunica mucosa consists of: | a pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
| The esophageal mucosa in ruminant species possess: | a keratinized epithelium |
| The esophageal mucosa in carnivores is: | a non-keratinized epithelium |
| Histologically, the crop or ingluvies is similar to: | the esophagus |
| The stomach’s mucosa is lining by: | a simple columnar epithelium |
| The stomach’s mucosa contains: | cardiac, proper and pyloric gastric glands |
| Integrated in the proper gastric glands, the parietal cells produce: | hydrochloric acid |
| Histostructurally, the proper gastric glands are: | tubular and branched |
| In the stomach’s wall, the tunica muscularis has: | smooth muscle fibers |
| The ruminant stomach’s mucosa is lining by: | a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| In the ruminant stomach’s mucosa, at the level of the reticular crests’ structure are
integrated: | smooth muscle cells |
| Commonly, the axis of the rumen papillae don’t have: | a lamina muscularis |
| The omasum laminae contain: | internal extensions of the tunica muscularis |
| The proper gastric glands contain the following cell types, with the exception of: | the serous cells |
| In birds, into the ventriculus or gizzard are integrated: | smooth muscle fibers; |
| The small intestine villi are lined by: | enterocytes |
| The presence of the intestine villi is noticed in: | the structures from a, b and c
duodenum, ileum, jejunum |
| The intestine villi are missing in: | the structures from a, c and d
the teniae coli, rectum, the teniae ceci |
| In the intestinal crypts are missing: | the enteroendocrine cells |
| One of these references about the Paneth cells is not correct: | they are hormones producing cells |
| The submucosal glands of the small intestine are: | branched tubulo-alveolar |
| In the large intestine, the simple tubular glands: | contain numerous mucus secreting cells |
| The intermediate zone of the anal canal presents: | a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| In the salivary glands’ structure, the intercalated duct is lined by: | a simple cuboidal epithelium |
| In the salivary glands’ structure are integrated the following cells, with the exception of: | the chondrocytes |
| Within the liver of domestic animals, each hepatic lobule contains: | hepatocyte |
| Within the hepatic acinus structure, it can be observed: | three zone of vascular influence |
| The liver parenchyma is geometrically organized in repetitive structures, which have: | a polygonal view |
| In the liver structure, the bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery collectively form: | the portal triad |
| In the portal lobule, the focal point is directed to: | a bile duct |
| The focal points for the hepatic acinus are: | two adjacent central veins and nearby portal triads |
| The sinusoids are covered by: | a porous and fenestrated endothelium |
| The sinusoidal lining cells are separated from the hepatocytes by: | a perisinusoidal space |
| Considering an exception, the sinusoids have a continuous basal laminae in the liver
parenchyma in: | ruminants |
| The hepatocytes are lining by a plasmalemma which form: | microvilli |
| The hepatic sinusoids are: | capillaries |
| The sinusoidal capillaries connect: | the interlobular vessels to the central vein. |
| The bile canaliculi are formed by: | the adjacent hepatocytes plasmalemma |
| The bile canaliculi conduct bile from hepatocytes to: | the bile ductules |
| The interlobular biliary ducts are lined by: | a simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium |
| The exocrine pancreas contains secretory cells, very similar with: | the salivary glands cells |
| The structure of the larynx cartilages is: | hyaline and elastic |
| The larynx muscles are formed by: | skeletal fibers |
| The trachealis muscle contains: | smooth muscle fibers |
| The intrapulmonary bronchi contain the following structures, with the exception of: | the skeletal muscle fibers |
| In the structure of the bronchioles is missing: | the collagen fibers |
| In mammals, the respiratory portion of the lung is composed by: | the alveoli |
| At the level of the respiratory system, the fixed alveolar cells are: | the structures from a and b
type I pneumocyte
type II pneumocyte |
| At the level of the respiratory system, the moving alveolar cells are represented by: | the septal macrophages |
| At the level of the respiratory system, the alveoli are lining by: | a squamous epithelium |
| In the nephron’s structure, the renal corpuscle contains: | the structures from a and c
the glomerular capsule
the glomerulus |
| In the glomerular capsule structure, the cells of the visceral layer are represented by: | the podocytes; |
| In the kidney parenchyma, the juxtaglomerular apparatus contains: | the macula densa |
| The mucosal lining of the calyces and pelvis consist of: | a transitional epithelium |
| The tunica muscularis of the urinary bladder is: | more oblique and interwoven and lacks specific circular layers |
| The main component of the lymphoid organs, the lymphoid tissue is formed by: | immunocompetent cells |
| The primary lymphoid organs are represented by: | bone marrow and the thymus |
| The secondary lymphoid organs are represented by: | lymph node and the spleen |
| The main cells involve in immunity are the following, with the exception of: | chondrocytes. |
| In the thymus cortex, the main important cells are: | the thymocytes and the epithelial reticular cells |
| The thymic corpuscles contain: | epithelial reticular cells |
| In birds, the cloacal bursa possesses a lymphoepithelial parenchyma comparable with that
of: | the thymus |
| The structure of the lymph nodules consist of concentrated areas of: | lymphocytes |
| In the lymph nodes structure, the paracortex is placed: | between the cortex and the medulla |
| The red pulp of the spleen’s parenchyma is constructed by: | splenic cords |
| The white pulp of the spleen’s parenchyma is constructed by: | sheaths of lymphocytes surrounding arteries |
| The splenic cords are integrated in: | the red pulp |
| The lymphatic structures associated with the tunica mucosa are represented by: | the structures from a,c and e
the oral cavity and pharynx tonsils
the Peyer’s patches
the cecal tonsils |
