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level: Structure of Brain

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Structure of Brain

Question	Answer
contains cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system	Forebrain
the middle portion of the brain important for sensory and motor functions	Midbrain
the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum, brainstem, medulla, and pons	Hindbrain
first large swelling at top of spinal cord, responsible for breathing, swallowing, heart rate	Medulla
a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain (sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, arousal)	pons
a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone	reticular formation
part of lower brain coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movements	cerebellum
a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior (containing thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate cortex.	limbic system
center of brain, relays sensory information and process some before sending to proper area (minus smell)	thalamus
small structure controlling pituitary gland, responsible for sleep, hunger, thirst, sex	hypothalamus
"seahorse" shaped. essential for long-term memories	hippocampus
an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior (fear)	amygdala
the tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus "rind" consisting of densely packed neurons responsible for higher thought process and interpretation of sensory input	cortex
increase in wrinkling of brain when growing in size and complexity	corticalization
a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres	corpus callosum
the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain	cerebral hemispheres
that part of the cerebral cortex in each hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head, containing primary visual centers	occipital lobe
contains somatosensory cortex	parietal lobes
area of neurons at the front of the parietal lobes on either side of brain. Processes info from skin and internal body receptors touch, temp, and body position	somatosensory cortex
beginnings of temporal lobes are behind temples of head. Lobes contain primary auditory cortex and auditory association area. Left temporal lobe usually responsible for language. Some areas also responsible for help process visual info.	temporal lobes
front of brain, higher mental functions of brain such as planning, personality, memory storage, complex decision making, areas devoted to language, helps control emotion, have strong connections to limbic system. Contains motor context and mirror neurons	frontal lobes
band of neurons located at back of each lobe, cells control the movements of body's voluntary muscles by sending commands out of the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system	motor cortex
neurons that fire when an animals or person performs an action and when an animal or person observes that action being performed by another	mirror neurons
made of neurons in cortex that are devoted to making connections between the sensory info coming into the brain and stored memories, images, and knowledge. Help people make sense of the incoming sensory input in occipital, temporal, but mostly frontal lobes	association areas of cortex
the motor speech center in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people	broca's area
aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired	broca's aphasia
the auditory word center; located in the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution in most people	wernicke's area
aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words	wernicke's aphasia
damage to right parietal and occipital lobes will ignore everything in left visual field (most common scenario)	spatial neglect
anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans	cerebrum
specializes in language, speech, handwriting, math, sense of time, rhythm, thought analysis	left hemisphere
specializes in widespread processing involving perception, visualization, spatial perception, recognition of patterns, faces, emotions, melodies,expression of emotion, comprehends simple language	right hemisphere