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level: THEORIES

Questions and Answers List

level questions: THEORIES

Question	Answer
is a systematic statement of principles that provides a framework for explaining some phenomenon. Developmental theories provide road maps for explaining human development.	Theory
is a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual’s life, the achievement of which will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks	Developmental task
He described adult behavior as being the result of instinctual drives that have a primarily sexual nature (libido). He described child development as being a series of psychosexual stages in which a child’s sexual gratification becomes focused on a particular body part at each stage.	Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, offered the first real theory of personality development.	Sigmund Freud
the “oral phase”	Infant
“anal phase”	toddler
part of toddlers’ self discovery, a way of exerting independence, and probably accounts for some of the difficulties parents may experience in toilet-training children of this age.	Anal interest
During the preschool period, children’s pleasure zone appears to shift from the anal to	Genital
shift from the anal to the genital area	Phallic phase
is common during this phase. Children may also show exhibitionism, suggesting they hope this will lead to increased knowledge of the two sexes.	Masturbation
The School-Age Child	Latent phase
children’s libido appears to be diverted into	concrete thinking
Adolescent	genital phase
Freudian theory considers the main events of this period to be	e establishment of new sexual aims and the finding of new love objects.
was trained in psychoanalytic theory but later developed his own theory of psychosocial development, a theory that stresses the importance of culture and society in development of the personality	Erik Erikson
main tenets of Erikson's theory	a person’s social view of self is more important than instinctual drives in determining behavior, allows for a more optimistic view of the possibilities for human growth.
Whereas Freud looked at ways mental illness develops, Erikson looked at actions that lead to	Mental Health
Erikson's Infant Stage	trust versus mistrust
If care is inconsistent, inadequate, or rejecting, this fosters a-	mistrust
Erikson's Toddler	autonomy vs shame
Erikson's Preschooler	initiative versus guilt
School-Age Child	industry versus inferiority
s. Parents who see their children’s efforts at making and doing things as merely “busy work” or who do not show appreciation for their children’s efforts may cause them to develop a sense of _____	inferiority
Erikson's Adolescent stage	identity versus role confusion
Young Adult	intimacy versus isolation
a sense of generativity versus stagnation	Middle Aged Adult
Erikson's Older Adult	integrity versus despair
a Swiss psychologist, introduced concepts of cognitive development or the way children learn and think that have roots similar to those of both Freud and Erikson and yet separate from each.	Jean Piaget
Sensorimotor Stage	Piaget Infant Stage
practical intelligence, because words and symbols for thinking and problem solving are not yet available at this early age	Sensorimotor Intelligence