| Recession (n) | A period when the economy of the country is not successful and conditions for business are bad: sự suy thoái
EX: The country is sliding into the depth of recession.
Demand for new cars has fallen due to the recession. |
| Induce (v) | To cause someone to do something, or cause something to happen
EX: They induced her to take the job by offering her a bonus.
The aims of advertisement is to induce brand loyalty. |
| Stem (v) | If a condition or problem stems from something, it was caused originally by that thing
EX: Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of war. |
| Trigger (v) | If something triggers an event or a situation, it causes the event or situation to begin to happen or exist
EX: The incident has triggered the outbreak of First World War.
The current recession was triggered by the slump in consumer expenditure. |
| Pivotal (a) | Central and important, because other things depend on it
EX: The speech marked a pivotal moment in World Bank's history. |
| Evident (a) | Easily seen or understood, obvious
EX: It quickly became evident that someone had broken in.
Her sophistication is evident from the way she dressed. |
| Venture (n)
Business/Commercial venture
Create/Form/Set up a venture | A new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty: hoạt động kinh doanh mạo hiểm
EX: The project was a joint venture between 2 schools.
They announce the start of a new commercial venture. |
| Venture (v)
Venture into sth
Venture a guess/opinion/judgement/comment | To risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or risk saying something that might be criticized: mạo hiểm
EX: There are some excellent deals for new investors venturing into electronic marketplace.
I don't have enough knowledge to venture a judgement. |
| Abysmal (a) | Extremely bad
EX: The experiment could help a lot of people, or it could be an abysmal failure. |
| Adept (a/n) | Having a natural ability to do something that needs skills: tinh thông, lão luyện
EX: She's very adept at dealing with the media.
He gave a technically adept performance on piano. |
| Bolster (v) | To support, improve something or make it stronger
EX: More money is needed to bolster the industry.
She tried to bolster my confidence/morale by telling me that I had a special superiority in linguistics.
They need to do something to bolster their image |
| Avenue (n) | A wide road with trees or buildings on both sides: con đường, đại lộ
EX: We walked down an avenue lined with trees. |
| Avenue* (n) | A method or way of doing something
EX: We should explore/pursue every feasible avenue in the search for an answer to this problem.
They are exploring other avenues of military cooperation. |
| Clout (n) | The power or influence over someone or something
EX: The queen has the privilege but she literally has no political clout.
Children of high status people virtually have a preference to think that they possess a whole host of influential clout toward others. |
| Candid (a) | Honest and telling the truth, esp about something difficult or painful: thẳng thắng
EX: Joe is candid about his desire to become an actor.
To be candid with you, you're making a dreadful mistake. |
| Ambivalence (n) | The state of having two opposite feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel.
EX: Real social relationships are marked by ambiguity and ambivalence. |
| Avid (a) | Extremely eager or interested
EX: An avid football fan.
He took an avid interest in the projects.
She hadn't seen him for 6 months and was avid for his news. |
| Conducive (a) | Providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist
EX: Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night's sleep.
A quiet room is a more conducive environment for studying. |
| Conviction (n) | A strong opinion or belief
EX: It's my personal conviction that all rapists should be locked away for life. |
| Corroborate (v) | To add information in support of an idea, opinion or statement: chứng thực
EX: Recent researches seem to corroborate his theory. |
| Skeleton staff (n) | The smallest number of people needed for a business or organization to operate
EX: There is currently a skeleton staff on site supervising routine maintenance work. |
| Abortive (a) | An abortive plan or attempt has to be stopped because it has failed, or it was futile, useless and unsuccessful
EX: Despite a few abortive attempt to reform the system, it remains the most feasible way for people to deal with their tasks. |
| Anticlimax (n) | An event or experience that causes disappointment because it is less exciting than was expected or because it happens immediately after a much more interesting or exciting event
EX: When you look forward to something, it's really an anticlimax when it actually happens. |
| Climb (up) the ladder | To progress to a higher level in an organization, career or society: thăng tiến
EX: If you think you can do better than yourself doing at the present position, you owe it to yourself a chance to climb up the ladder. |
| Comedown (n) | A reduction in position, value or enjoyment of something or someone: sự xuống dốc, tụt hậu
EX: I really enjoyed that book, but the ending was genuinely a comedown. |
| Expertise (n)
Pick up/develop/gain expertise in
The expertise to do something | A high level of knowledge or skill: sự thành thạo, tinh thông
EX: She was widely known for her expertise in law enforcement. |
| Fulfill one's full potential (phr) | To achieve as much as your natural ability makes possible
EX: You will never fulfill your full potential unless you follow your ambition. |
| Flop (n/v) = Fiasco (n) = Crash (n/v) | To fail
EX: The film is genuinely a complete flop.
Many internet corporations in the US have flopped badly in China.
The show was a fiasco - one actor forgot his lines and another fell off the stage.
Investors were worried when the stock market began to crash. |
| Go belly up (v) | If a project or company goes belly up, it fails completely.
EX: Small companies are likely to go belly up than their larger competitors. |
| Prosper (v) | If people or business prosper, they are successful and make money
EX: Lots of microchips manufacturing companies prospered at that time. |
| Thrive (v)
Thrive on something | To grow, develop or be successful
EX: She seems to thrive on stress and hard work.
Some employees thrived on the challenge of intense workloads. |
| Ameliorate (v) | To improve, making a bad or unpleasant situation better
EX: Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the drought.
Treatment for allergies led to an amelioration of her symptoms. |
| Denote (v) | To represent or mean something
EX: The red color is used to denote passion and love. |
| Deteriorate (v) | To become worse
EX: If the economy continues to deteriorate, there's bound to be an acute financial recession.
The recent political situation in that country has deteriorated rapidly. |
| Deterioration (n)
The deterioration in | The process or fact of becoming worse
EX: We will not allow the continuous deterioration of our production standards. |
| Notwithstanding (pre) | Despite the fact or thing mentioned
EX: Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we should go head with the proposal.
Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal. |
| Take issue with someone/something (phr) | To disagree strongly with someone or something
EX: I take issue with parents who push their children too hard. |
| Assert (v) | To say definitely or insist on something: khẳng định, cương quyết
EX: She asserted that she had not borrowed his book. |
| Assert* (v) | To do something to show your ascendancy
EX: She rarely asserted her authority over the whole class. |
| Come to terms with (sth) | To gradually accept a bad situation
EX: I think he still struggles to come to terms with the death of her wife. |
| Come to light (v) | To become known publicly
EX: Fresh evidences have recently come to light to assert his criminal commitments. |
| Do/Try one's utmost (phr) | To do something as well as you can by making effort
EX: She did her utmost to finish her work on time. |
| Accord (n) | A formal agreement, or the condition of agreeing: hiệp ước, hiệp định
EX: Last year, two leaders signed a peace accord. |
| Of one's own accord (phr) | Voluntary, of one's own will and without external intervention
EX: He came of his own accord. No one asked him to come. |
| In accord/accordance with (phr) | Following or obeying a law, rule, wish
EX: In accord/accordance with school rules, the teacher asked him to take off his hat when inside the classroom. |
| To accord with (phr) | To be the same as something, or to agree with something
EX: His account does not accord with police evidence. |
| Accord something to someone = Accord someone something (v) | To give something officially to someone
EX: The US did not accord a full recognition to a new government. |
| Adjust (v) | To change something slightly to make it more correct, effective and suitable: điều chỉnh
EX: If this chair is too high, you can adjust it to suit you. |
| Adjust (v)
To adjust to something | To become more familiar with a new situation
EX: I can't adjust to living on my own.
Her eyes gradually adjusted to the dark. |
| Credit (v) | To believe something that seems unlikely to be true
EX: It was hard to credit some of the stories we have heard recently. |
| Credit (n) | Praise, approval or honor
EX: You have to give him credit for being so honest.
How can he take credit for the work he didn't do? |
| Accreditation (n)
Gain/get/receive accreditation
Keep/lose accreditation | The fact of being officially recognized, or approved of
EX: The investigation could threaten the university's accreditation.
The school have lost its accreditation last year and now is on the brink of a state of takeover. |
| Sequential (a) = Chronological (a) = Serial (a) = Successive (a) | Following a particular order
EX: The buying process is series of sequential steps.
He had difficulty in remembering the serial order of the tasks.
The notion that merchant families survived for 3 successive generations was quite rare. |
| It remains to be seen that (phr) | It is not yet certain that
EX: It remains to be seen who will win. |
| Impartial (a) | Not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument
EX: A trial must be fair and impartial. |
| Circumspect (a) = cautious (a) = wary (a) of | Careful, not to take risk
EX: The wisdom and expertise shared in this book should convince us of the need to be more circumspect in our thinking and practice. |
| Elaborate (a) | Containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts
EX: They had created elaborate computer programs to run the system. |
| Be/fall prey to (phr) | To be hurt or deceived by someone or something bad
EX: Small children are prey to many sorts of fear. |
| Exacerbate (v) = aggravate (v) | To make something that is already bad worse
EX: Problems in recruitment are exacerbated by reports of low morale throughout the profession. |
| Exacerbation (n) = aggravation (n) | The process of making something that is already bad worse
EX: Stress is an known factor in exacerbation of other illnesses. |
| Curb (n/v) | To control or limit something that is unwanted
EX: The government should act to curb tax evasion.
You should try to put a curb on your bad spending habits. |
| Pitfall (n)
Common/potential pitfall | An unexpected problem, difficulty or danger
EX: He took some financial advice on how to avoid pitfalls of setting his own business. |
| Amend (v) | To change something: sửa đổi, cải thiện
EX: The term of the contract was amended in later years.
MPs was urged to amend the law to prevent other oil tanker disaster. |
| Aversion (n) | A strong feeling of dislike or unwillingness to do something
EX: She has a deep aversion to getting up early.
I felt an instant aversion to his family |
| Averse (a) | Strongly disliking or opposed to
EX: Few politicians are averse to appearing on TV. |
| Make allowance for (phr) | To prepare for the possibility of something
EX: We should make allowance for bad weather and have plenty of umbrellas available. |
| Clash (v) | To fight or argue: mâu thuẫn, xung đột
EX: The two armies clashed outside the building.
The government clashed with the oppositions on the question of unemployment. |
| Clash (n)
A clash of opinions/personalities | A fight or argument between people
EX: There were clashes between the police and the demonstrators in the city centre. |
| Get in the way of (phr) | To prevent someone from doing something, or prevent something from happening
EX: Never let disapproval get in the way of our friendship. |
| Seek to (v) | To try or attempt
EX: They seek to reassure the public.
They are seeking to reform the regulations. |
| Crack down on (phr) | To punish, start dealing with bad or illegal behavior in a more severe way
EX: The library is cracking down on people who lose their books. |
| Spark (n) | A first small event or problem that causes a much worse situation to develop
EX: The incident was the spark that set off the street riots. |
| Spark* (n) | A feeling or quality that causes excitement
EX: The music is mediocre because there's no spark and thrill |
| Spark (v) | To cause the start of something, esp an argument or fighting
EX: This proposal will virtually spark many successive debates about immigration. |
| A spark of something | A small amount of something
EX: When students show a spark of interest, I seek to give extra encouragement. |
| Rudimentary (a) | Simple, basic and not well-developed
EX: Her knowledge is merely rudimentary.
She has a solely rudimentary grasp of knowledge |
| Splendid (a) | Excellent, beautiful and impressive
EX: You look splendid in that outfit.
Our splendid weather ended up with a terrible storm. |
| Take something for granted (phr) | To never think about something because you believed it will be always available or stay exactly the same time: xem thường
EX: I took it for granted that I would find a perfect job.
It's always easy to take our parents for granted. |
| Flourish (v) | To grow or developed successfully
EX: My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather.
This is the perfect environment for our company to flourish and expand in. |
| Null and void (a) | Having no legal effect and to be considered therefore as if it did not exist
EX: The change in the law makes the previous agreement null and void.
A jury declared all postal votes null and void. |
| Patent (n) | The official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years: bằng/quyền sáng chế
EX: The company took out/filled a patent on genetically engineered tomato. |
| Copyright (n)
Breach/break/infringe copyright
A breach/infringement of copyright | The legal right to control the production and selling of a book, play, film, photograph or piece of music: bản quyền
EX: There was a need to develop copyright protection for computer programs. |
| Copyright (a) | Protected by copyright
EX: The contents of this website are copyright.
The book contains a complete glossary of copyright terms. |
| Trademark (n)
Trademark infringement/violation/protection
Trademark holder/owner | A name or symbol on a product that shows it was made by a particular company, and it can't be used by other companies without permission: tên thương mại
EX: Velcro is registered trademark.
The retail giant has taken action against a number of small companies over trademark infringements. |
| Trademark* (n) | Something very noticeable that people typically have or do
EX: He was a brightly colored tie which is his personal trademark.
She gave one of her trademark smiles. |
| Consensus (n)
Consensus on/about something
A general/growing/broad consensus
Reach/build/agree a consensus | A generally accepted opinion or agreement among a group of people: sự đồng lòng, nhất trí
EX: Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let's take a vote. |
| Prior (a)
Give/receive prior notice of sth
Prior agreement/approval/consent | Existing or happening before something else
EX: Do not publicize these circumstantial figures without prior authorization from the government. |
| Prior to doing sth (phr) | Before something else
EX: She was vice president of business operation prior to becoming comissioner. |
| Savage (a) | Extremely violent, serious or cruel
EX: A brutal and savage attack.
A savage critism. |
| Savage (v) | To criticize cruelly
EX: The performance was savaged by the media. |
| Surpass (v) | To do better or more than something else
EX: Our team's achievements surpass those of teams in previous years.
The sales figures have surpassed everyone's expectations. |
| Outperform = Outdo= Outclass (v) | To perform better or do better than something or someone
EX: Technology stocks are outperforming the rest of the market. |
| Yield (v) | To supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information: sinh ra, mang lại
EX: An attempt to yield increased profits.
The investigations have yielded unexpected results. |
| Yield* (v) | To give the control of or responsibility for something, often because you are forced to
EX: They were forced to yield their land to the occupying forces. |
| Yield (n) | An amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied: sản lượng
EX: Crop yields have risen steadily. |
| Peripheral (a) | Not central or of main importance
EX: First of all, we have to find out who the thief was - getting the money back was just a peripheral issue. |
| On par with something (phr) | The same as or equal to someone or something
EX: The figures of 63000 deaths in India is roughly on par with Mexico |
| Amount to sth (v) | To be the same as something, or have the same effect as something
EX: His behavior amounted to serious professional misconduct. |
| Strive (v) | To try very hard to do something or to make something happen, esp for a long time or against difficulties.
EX: We are constantly striving to improve our service.
We must strive to improve the gap between the rich and the poor. |
| Hegemony (n) | (of countries) The position of being the strongest and most powerful therefore able to control others.
EX: The three nations competed for regional hegemony. |
