-Harm/loss - the stressor is perceived as having already caused some damage for the individual. This means the individual has experienced distress - Threat - the stressor is perceived as potentially causing damage for the individual in the future. This appraisal causes the individual to experience distress - Challenge - the stressor is perceived as potentially providing a good opportunity for change or growth, though it will be taxing in some way. Causes individual to feel eustress.