1.Help learners to: organize the information: objectives, chunking, well-designed instructions and order ,use visuals and graphic organizers and sequence 2.assimilate new content into existing knowledge: start from current, use examples, real-life stories , Activate prior knowledge. 3.strengthen new knowledge into memory: practice, feedback, summary, test, on-the-job application 4.focus attention: Answer WIIFM (what's in it for me?), movement 5. Uses retention and recall activities