Factors contributing to sleep disturbances in critical care

- Illness (metabolic changes, underlying disease, pain, anxiety, fear, delirium) - Medications (analgesics, antidepressants, beta-blockers, bronchodilators, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids) - environment (noise, staff conversations, television/radio, equipment alarms, frequent care interruptions, lighting, lack of usual bedtime routine, room temp, uncomfortable sleep surface)