Integrin signalling

Integrin signalling can be bi-directional namely either Inside-out signalling or Outside-in signalling. In the former situation interaction of molecules to the Integrin tails on the inside of the cell can trigger a conformational change in the exterior portion of the dimer such that it is able to bind to ligand. Conversely, the application of tension from association of the ECM to the outside portion of the Integrin complex can cause changes in the activity of protein within the focal adhesion site to stimulate actin nucleation and bunding and other signalling pathways that alter gene transcription in the nucleus.