Solutions: towards sustainability by farmers

Tsetse preferentially feed on older & larger herd members- leave young cattle untreated to become exposed to ticks. Treating half the herd, applying insecticide to only the larger individuals, would be only slightly less effective than treating the entire herd but would reduce the amount of insecticide used. Selective treatment of hosts with restricted application protocol (RAP) reduce insecticide costs by 90%, compared with the current regime of treating the entire herd, and the impact on non-target organisms