L Porter and E Lawler (expectancy theories)

Porter and Lawler concluded that an individual’s motivation to complete a task is affected by the reward they expect to receive for completing the task. Porter and Lawler categorised the rewards as intrinsic and extrinsic: intrinsic rewards are the positive feelings that the individual experiences from completing the task e.g. satisfaction, sense of achievement; extrinsic rewards are rewards emanating from outside the individual such as bonus, commission and pay increases. Porter and Lawler's Expectancy Theory Model suggested that an individual's view regarding the attractiveness and fairness of the rewards will affect motivation.