Seven Time Periods: – More healthcare information became digitalized and newer technologies emerged – In 2004 an Executive Order 13335 – Wireless, point of care, regional database projects, and increased IT solutions proliferated – The use of bar coding and radio-frequency identification (RFID) emerged as a useful technology – Smaller mobile devices with wireless or Internet access increased access to information for nurses within hospitals and in the community – The development and refinement of voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) provided voice cost-effective communication – The Internet provided a means for development of clinical applications – The nursing informatics research agenda promoted the integration of nursing care data in HIT systems that would also generate data for analysis, reuse, and aggregation