Process of mRNA Translation

1. Initiation: The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA near the start codon (AUG), followed by the attachment of the initiator tRNA with the complementary anticodon (UAC). 2. Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA in a 5' to 3' direction. Each new tRNA brings an amino acid, forming a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids. The ribosome shifts, translocating the mRNA and tRNAs. 3. Termination: When a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, release factors bind to the ribosome, causing the completed protein to detach. 4. Protein Folding: The newly synthesized polypeptide undergoes folding, guided by its amino acid sequence and cellular environment. 5. Protein Function: The mature protein carries out its specific role in cellular processes. This process occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm and synthesizes proteins based on the mRNA sequence.