Contraindications for estim:

1. Cardiac pacemaker or cardiac arrhthmias as the estim may interfere with the pacing of the heart. 2. Over the carotid sinus – anterior or lateral neck as this may cause a rapid drop in bp and cause a syncopal episode. 3. Venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis – may increase circulation and risk of the thrombus becoming an embolus. 4. Pelvis, abdomen, trunk and low back area during pregnancy as estim impact on unborn child is not fully known