What are the ophthalmic complications of DM?

Blindness, progressive retinopathy and macular edema, two stages proliferative and non-proliferative Non-proliferative (increased capillary permeability, dilation, microaneurysms, AV shunts, hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, hard exudate) Proliferative (new vessels, scar, vitreal hemorrhage, Retinal detachment) Risk factor is HTN, duration of DM, genetics. Almost all pt with DM <20 years develope non-proliferative.