How is the progression towards AS?

Risk factors include (genetics, older age, male sex, comorbidities, smoking, increased serum phosphate) this will lead initially into aortic sclerosis (by stress or inflammation preceding lipid inflitrates and myofibroblast differentiation) Then this will lead to aortic stenosis, first with progressive disease (by oxidative stress, increased Angiotensin II), then finally leads to aortic obstruction (hydroxyapatite nodules and cartilage and bone formation) with age