What are risk factors of COPD?

Smoking is well known cause, others include : dust exposure, animal farming, crop farming, chemical exposure, diesel exhaust, road dust 80% of COPD is due to smoking, rest is exposure other than smoking Host factors: genetics (AAT deficiency >90% homo ZZ) gender (male more risk), socioeconomic (low), BHR (strong predictor), atopy and asthma, childhood illnesses Pipe and cigars have lower risk than cigarettes.