What are pathological consequences of HTN for kidney?

• The kidney is both a target and a cause of hypertension. • Primary renal disease is the most common etiology of secondary hypertension. • Mechanisms of kidney-related hypertension include (diminished capacity to excrete sodium, excessive renin secretion in relation to volume status, sympathetic nervous system overactivity) • Hypertension is a risk factor for renal injury and ESRD • Atherosclerotic， hypertension-related vascular lesions in the kidney primarily affect preglomerular arterioles • Clinically, macroalbuminuria (a random urine albumin/creatinine ratio >300 mg/g) or microalbuminuria (a random urine albumin/ creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/g) are early markers of renal injury. • These are also risk factors for renal disease progression and cardiovascular disease