Creating recombinant DNA steps:

1. gene of interest isolated and cut w/ restriction enzyme 2. bacteria plasmid or phage vector also cut 3. plasmid and gene mixed in solution 4. DNA ligase added to join sticky ends of plasmid and gene 5. new recombinant vector inserted into the host cell (bacterium, fungus, or animal cell) 6. host replicates, replicating plasmid as well.