What are loop diuretics?

Most effective type of diuretics excludes 20-25% of filtered salt and water. They inhibit Sodium-Potassium-Chloride cotransporter in luminal membrane in thick ascending limb of the loop, prevent the body from reabsorbing sodium at ascending henle's loop leading to diuresis and natriuresis, also reduces Ca2+ and Mg2+ reabsorption. Secondary effect is increasing renal synthesis of PGs resulting in increased blood supply to the kidney Thus decreased blood volume and vasodilation together will lead to decrease blood pressure and ameliorate edema. They are used when intensive diuresis is required. Increase Ca excretion important for hypercalcemia pt.