What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

➢Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (idiopathic) characterized by : Sclerosis of some (but not all) glomeruli Sclerosis involves only a part of each affected glomerulus. initially affects only the juxtamedullary glomeruli. With progression, eventually all levels of the cortex are affected. Primary FSGS accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of all cases of the nephrotic syndrome. ➢ Secondary FSGS may occur in one of the following conditions: • HIV infection (HIV nephropathy). • Heroin abuse (heroin nephropathy) • Secondary to other forms of GN (e.g., IgA nephropathy, diabetic GS, …) • As a maladaptation to nephron loss • Inherited forms, including autosomal dominant forms associated with mutations in cytoskeletal proteins and podocin, both of which are required for the integrity of podocytes.