What are two forms of ATI?

1. Ischemic ATI ➢ Most often is the result of a period of inadequate Blood flow to all or some peripheral organs such as the kidney, sometimes in the setting of marked hypotension and shock. ➢This can be caused by a variety of conditions, including severe trauma, blood loss, acute pancreatitis and septicemia. ➢ Ischemia to tubules may also result from reduced intrarenal blood flow, as in microscopic polyangiitis, malignant hypertension, and thrombotic microangiopathies. ➢Mismatched blood transfusions and other hemolytic crises, as well as myoglobinuria, also produce a clinical picture resembling that of ischemic ATI. 2. Nephrotoxic ATI is caused by a variety of poisons, including heavy metals (e.g., mercury); organic solvents (e.g., carbon tetrachloride); and a multitude of drugs such as gentamicin and other antibiotics, and radiographic contrast agents