B. Minimizing adverse effects:

Some toxic reactions may be ameliorated by interventions, such as the use of cytoprotectant drugs, perfusing the tumor locally (for example, a sarcoma of the arm), removing some of the patient’s marrow prior to intensive treatment and then reimplanting it, or promoting intensive diuresis to prevent bladder toxicities. The megaloblastic anemia that occurs with methotrexate can be effectively counteracted by administering folinic acid (leucovorin, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid;  With the availability of human granulocyte colony– stimulating factor (fi lgrastim), the neutropenia associated with treatment of cancer by many drugs can be partially reversed.