Biology S2
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166 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is the problem with battery farming? | Increases the risk of disease, creates a lower quality product and is an ethical concern |
| What is the problem with battery farming? | Increases the risk of disease, creates a lower quality product and is an ethical concern |
| What happens if the first line of defence fails? | The second line of defence starts working |
| What happens if the first line of defence fails? | The second line of defence starts working |
| What is the issue with Fermi's Paradox | Why haven't we found life and why hasn't it found us |
| What does MRS GREEN stand for? | Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, evolve and nutrition |
| What are some things required in a habitable zone? | Gravity, oxygen, protection from harmful radiation, water, an energy source, suitable temperature |
| What are some features of Mars? | Desert-like, 40% gravity, 95% carbon dioxide and has an average temperature of -60° |
| Why is it unlikely that there is life on the surface of Mars? | It has a very thin atmosphere and a low temperature |
| Where in Mars could life be possible? | There might be life under the crust where there may be liquid water |
| What are extremophiles? | Organisms that live in extreme conditions |
| What is an example of an extremophile? | Tubeworms - these live 2500m underwater and get their energy from hydrothermal vents |
| What are the five kingdoms of organisms? | Plant, animal, fungi, monera (bacteria), protista (algae and protozoa) |
| What is fungi useful for? | Fungi is useful to to make antibiotics and make bread dough rise |
| How can fungi be harmful? | It can be poisonous and can cause things like athletes foot |
| What is bacteria necessary for? | Bacteria are necessary for our digestive system |
| How can bacteria be harmful? | It causes diseases like tetanus |
| What does bacteria not have? | Bacterium has no nucleus or vacuole |
| What does fungus not have? | Fungus has no vacuole and no chloroplast |
| What is the independent variable? | The difference between the sides |
| What is the dependent variable? | What you are measuring |
| What are the variables that remain constant? | The things that stay the same |
| How are viruses helpful? | They are useful for vaccines |
| How are viruses harmful? | They cause things like covid and the flu |
| How are protozoa helpful? | Break down sewage to make water safe to put into the environment |
| How is protozoa harmful? | It causes diseases like malaria |
| How is algae harmful? | Releases toxins into lochs and the sea making it harmful for fish to eat |
| Where is the most bacteria found? | Most bacteria is on surfaces that are touched often but not cleaned regularly |
| Why is there more bacteria on clean hands than dirty hands? | On clean hands, you have all the bacteria that stays between your fingerprints wherever you go but on dirty hands, you only have bacteria from the things you have touched |
| What are some rules for doing microbiological work? | No food or drink, keep petri dishes closed, run autoclave at the correct temperature, dispose of waste properly, mop up spills immediately |
| What is the type of growth that shows rapid increase? | Exponential growth |
| Where is E. coli found? | Intestines of animals |
| What are common symptoms of E. coli? | Stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea |
| What can happen to E. coli during the butchering process? | E. coli gets from the animals stomach to the surface of the meat |
| What can happen to E. coli if meat is minced? | E.coli can get transferred throughout the meat |
| What is the best way to kill E.coli? | High temperatures |
| What things can lead to an outbreak of E.coli? | Inadequate training, failure to use temp probes, not having a cleaning schedule, not separating raw and cooked meat, not using separate equipment for different processes |
| Why are temperature probes so important? | To check the meat has reached a temperature high enough to kill bacteria throughout the meat |
| Why is it important to use different knives? | To avoid contamination |
| Why did operating theatres used to be far away from the wards? | So that other patients couldn't hear the screaming |
| Why did operations used to be so quick? | So the patient was in pain for a shorter period of time |
| Why would surgeons wear aprons? | To protect themselves blood |
| When would surgeons wash their hands? | After the surgery |
| What is an example of antiseptics? | Phenol/carbolic acid |
| Where did Lister spray antiseptic? | In the air |
| Why are disinfectants used? | To reduce the number of microbes on non-living things |
| Why is chlorine used in swimming pools? | To kill microbes |
| What is an antibiotic? | A chemical that kills or stops the growth of bacteria |
| What was the first antibiotic? | Penicilin |
| Who discovered antibiotics? | Alexander Fleming |
| How did Fleming discover antibiotics? | Fleming was growing bacteria on a petri dish. When he returned from a holiday, he noticed some of the bacteria had died. He realised this was because it had been contaminated by a fungi now known as penicillin. |
| What is the name of the jelly in petri dishes? | Nutrient agar |
| Why do we need different antibiotics? | Some people are allergic to certain antibiotics and some bacteria are resistant to certain antibiotics |
| How does a multidisc work? | Around the circle there are samples of different antibiotics, if bacteria doesn't grow next to a particular antibiotic, we know it will kill the bacteria |
| Coughing, scabs, vomiting, sneezing and earwax are all what? | Part of the first line of defence |
| What happens when you swallow microbes? | They get killed by stomach acid |
| What happens is microbes end up in your lungs? | You cough them up in mucus and then swallow them when they will be killed by hydrochloric acid |
| What happens if the first line of defence fails? | The second line of defence starts working |
| What is a phagocyte? | A white blood cell that eats pathogens |
| What is a lymphocyte? | White blood cells that produce antibodies |
| What is an antigen? | Molecules on the surface of a pathogen that the immune system recognizes |
| What are antibodies? | Y-shaped chemicals that stick to pathogens that stops them from working and causes them to clump together |
| Why can you only get chiken pox once? | Your body keeps the antibodies so it is able to fight off the chickenpox pathogens before they effect you |
| What did Edward Jenner discover? | Vaccination |
| How did Jenner invent vaccination? | He noticed that milkmaids never got smallpox. This was because all of them had already had cowpox and therefore had the antibodies to fight it off |
| Why do cowpox antibodies work on smallpox? | They are almost identical |
| What is biology? | The study of living organisms, their interaction with each other and with their environment |
| What is biosphere? | The zone of the Earth inhabited by living things |
| What is a habitat? | The place where an organism live |
| What is community? | All of the organisms in 1 habitat |
| What is population? | All of the organisms of one type |
| What is an organism? | A living thing |
| What is an ecosystem? | The habitat, animals and plants |
| What is biodiversity? | The number of different species present in a particular area |
| What does a high biodiversity show? | A healthier ecosystem |
| What is a vertebrate? | Animals with a backbone |
| What is an animal without a backbone? | Invertebrates |
| What are some types of vertebrates? | Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians |
| What are some examples of vertebrates? | Salmon, dolphin, elephant, snakes and camels |
| What are some types of invertebrates? | Jellyfish, flatworms, true worms and arthropods |
| What are some examples of invertebrates? | Snail, starfish, earthworm and amoeba |
| What are some examples of birds? | Ducks, vultures and falcons |
| What are some examples of fish? | Perch, plaice, eel and salmon |
| What are some examples of reptiles? | Snakes, crocodiles and tortoises |
| What are some examples of amphibians? | Salamanders and frogs |
| What are some examples of jellyfish? | Jellyfish, hydra and sea anemone |
| What is an example of a true worm? | Earthworm |
| What are some examples of molluscs? | Snails and clams |