BMI week 1
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Many biomedical instruments and pieces of equipment | Are developing at lightning speed as a result of digital technologies, which enable new medical concepts, strategies, and visions to be implemented faster than ever before. |
| First-class health care would be | Inconceivable without progress and innovation in the field of medical technology |
| 3 important things in medical market | Research approval commercialisation |
| Research | Regulatory strategy and classification preparation of eu design dossiers technical files or sted risk management preparation of class 1 technical files clinical evaluation reports clinical investigation application |
| Approval | Class 2a, 2b and 3 submission for product assessment class 1 registration pre-post inspection audit |
| Commercialisation | Input into strategy for product design changes or extensions technical file or design dossier lifecycle maintenance significant design change applications post market surveillance strategy product renewal applications |
| Medicine | From the Latin ars medicina, the art of healing |
| Technology | From the Greek, meaning skill, craft |
| Technical instruments and devices | Have always had their place in medicine |
| Acupuncture needles | Known to have been used in Far Eastern medicine since approximately 2500 BC |
| Hippocrates | The founder of scientific medicine in the Western world and a prominent doctor of his time, was already using a proctoscope to inspect his patients' intestines. He also gave descriptions of a variety of instruments and apparatures for the treatment of wounds. |
| As striking evidence from archeological digs in the buried town of Pompeii has shown | Sophisticated instruments and devices for surgical interventions were already being used in the Roman Empire (from 63 BC onwards). |
| The vision aids known | Glasses are not an achievement of the 20th century but had already been invented by a craftsman at the end of the 13th century. |
| W.C. Roentgen on 8 November 1895 | The most significant for clinical medicine was the development of X-Rays |
| X-ray | (electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Roentgen rays) |
| Willem Einthoven 1903 | Devised the first electrocardiograph |
| Electrocardiograph | Measured the electrical changes that occurred during the beating of the heart |
| Riva-Rocci 1896 | Introduces the method of noninvasive palpatory measurement for determining blood pressure |
| 1924. Berger | Made 73 EEG recordings from his 15y son, Klaus |
| How much was first frequency | First frequency encountered was in 10 Hz range (8 – 12 Hz), which he named alpha |
| In 1929 what did he report | How brain waves changed dramatically if subject simply shifts from eyes closed to eyes open state. Brain waves also changed when the subject sat quietly with eyes closed „focusing“ on solving a math problem. |
| In 1937. John Heysham Gibbon | Invented Heart Lung Machine |
| Atanasoff – Berry Computer | Electronic Digital Computer (1942). |
| What was EDC's purpose and established what | It‘s purpose was to solve systems of linear equations, it could solve up to 29 equations at a time. It established many important elements of modern technology including binary, arithmetic and electronic switching method. |
| What was invented 1972. the first Computer by Allan M Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield s | Assisted Tomography (CT) was invented |
| 1977 Mansfield | Found success with a breakthrough for medical applications of magnetic resonance tomography using the magnetic resonance method, and the human thorax was imaged for the first time without the use of x-rays |
| The significance of medical technology in terms of health policy is therefore essentially based on the following points: | The quality and security of medical care Shortening the duration of illness or the length of hospital stay Relieving staff from time-consuming routine jobs Meeting the expectations and demand level |
| Telematic | Telecommunications, a branch of technology including phone lines and cables, and informatics such as computer systems. |
| Measurand | Signal factors, environmental factors, medical factors, economic factors |
| Signal factors | Sensitivity range differential or single ended input impedance transient and frequency response accuracy linearity reliability |
| Environmental factors | Specificity signal to noise ratio stability temperature humidity pressure shock vibration radiation |
| Medical factors | Invasive or non invasive tissue sensor material toxicity radiation patient discomfort |
| Economic factors | Cost availability warranty consumable requirements |