Classification
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Binomial Nomenclature | (two name naming system) |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Identifies organisms with a | Two-word scientific name |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Diagram of evolutionary relationships where similar organisms that share a common ancestor are referred to as “Clades” | Cladogram (Phylogenetic Tree) |
| Viruses are technically living | False, they are not |
| Doesn’t maintain homeostasis Doesn’t have cells Doesn’t need energy Doesn’t reproduce without host Doesn’t respond to environment | Non-Living Traits |
| Has genetic code (DNA or RNA) Does evolve | Living Traits |
| The host cell will immediately start reproducing the virus’s DNA until so many new viruses have been produced that they burst through the cell | Lytic Reproduction |
| Viral DNA is incorporated into host’s DNA, so when the cell divides, more cells have the viral DNA in them | Lysogenic Reproduction |
| Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria | Only bacteria that can live in harsh, archaic environments like extreme temperatures, pH, etc. |
| Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria - | Live everywhere else |
| Ways Bacteria get energy are | Heterotrophic Consumers Autotrophic Producer |
| Heterotrophic Consumers | Consume their food from other organisms |
| Autotrophic Producer | Makes its own food by itself |
| Chemosynthesis - | Uses the chemical energy released through the breaking of molecular bonds to make food |
| Microbes - | Microorganisms |
| Pathogens - | Organisms that cause disease |
| Vectors - | Organisms that spread pathogens (Ex: ticks, mosquitos, mice) |
| Louis Pasteur (1860’s) - | Formed the “Germ Theory of Disease” which states that pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are the cause of many diseases and do not generate spontaneously... |
| Robert Koch’s Postulates (1890’s) - | Rules used to identify the pathogen responsible for a particular disease arguing that the same pathogen must be found in every infected organism and tested on a healthy host |
| Vaccines - | Consist of a weakened version or just pieces of a pathogen, like a virus, allowing our immune systems to learn how to fight the infection with little to no symptoms |
| Antivirals | - medication that inhibits viral reproduction after infection Ex: Hiv, Hepatitis B & C, Influenza A & B |
| Antibiotics | - kill bacterial infection |
| Alcohol - | Kills bacteria & viruses in wounds and on surfaces |
| Honey - | Natural antiseptic for wounds |
| Why soap? | Hand sanitizers 0.01 chance is a super microbe and grows stronger per use |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |
| Protist Kingdom | The odd balls that can’t be classified into any other kingdom because they share some similarities with fungi, plants and animals |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |
| Amoeba PROTIST | Pseudopodia locomotion (fake cytoplasm feet) |
| Euglena PROTIST | Flagellum locomotion (tail) |
| Types of Protist | Fungi-Like Slime Molds (cell wall) Plant-Like Algae (cell wall) Animal-Like Protozoans |
| Paramecium PROTIST | Cilia locomotion (fluid hairs) |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |
| Fungi Kingdom | Unicellular or Multicellular Eukaryotes with protective Cell Wall Decomposers Sexual or Asexual reproduction Some are good (help plants absorb nutrients, nutritious, medicinal) Some are bad (cause illness and famine) |
| Types of Fungi | Yeast (only unicellular fungus) -Penicillium -Helped Alexander Fleming produce the first antibiotic Penicillin which treats a very wide range of bacterial infections -Mushrooms -Mold |
| Plant Kingdom | Multicellular Eukaryotes Rectangular-shaped plant cells have a Cell Wall and a huge Vacuole to store water and nutrients in case of drought or no sunlight for photosynthesis since they can’t move to find it Autotrophs & Some Heterotrophs Sexual or Asexual reproduction Terrestrial land plants have flowers, seeds and pollen to reproduce sexually |
| Stomata are | Pores on the underside of leaves that only open during daylight to take in CO2 for photosynthesis and release O2 and will remain closed otherwise in order to avoid water loss |
| Non-Vascular Plants | Simple, short plants that lack stems with vascular tissues, true roots and leaves |
| Vascular Plants | Tissues in Stem that transports water and nutrients Some are seedless (Ex: Ferns) |
| Some vascular plants have seeds such as | Gymnosperms Angiosperms |
| Gymnosperms | Seeds are in cones EX: Conifers |
| Angiosperms | Flowering plants with seeds in nuts or fruit 2 Types: Monocots & Dicots |
| Flower Parts Stamen | Male reproductive parts that carry pollen sperm |
| Flower parts Ovary | Female reproductive part |
| Animal Kingdom | Multicellular Eukaryotes in Domain Eukarya Heterotrophs or Decomposers Asexual or Sexual reproduction Circular-shaped cells that DO NOT have cell wall and have much smaller Vacuoles compared to Plant cells |
| Hermaphrodites | Animals that have both male and female reproductive organs |
| Examples of Hermaphrodites | Banana slugs self-fertilize Earthworms still reproduce sexually because only one of the reproductive organs is viable at a time Clownfish are born male but turn female when the hierarchal female in their school dies because there can be only one female in their school |
| Mimicry | Males pretend to be females so they don’t have to compete with other males Body confusion |
| Stinging Marine Animals | Anemones, corals, jellyfish, etc. |
| Worms (ANIMALS) | Earthworms, roundworms, flatworms, etc. |
| Molluscs (ANIMALS) | Clams, snails, octopus, squid, etc.; many have shells |
| Arthropods (ANIMALS) | Segmented bodies with joints and exoskeleton made of chitin like arachnids, crustaceans, etc. |
| Prickly Marine Animals (ANIMALS) | Starfish, sea urchins, etc. |
| Vertebrates - | Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals with a vertebrae backbone |
| Fish V | Cold-blooded cartilaginous fish like sharks and rays or boney fish like most other fishes |
| Amphibians V | Cold-blooded ectotherms with wet porous skin |
| Reptiles V | Cold-blooded ectotherms with dry, protective skin |
| Birds V | Warm-blooded endotherms with feathered wings |
| Mammals - V | Warm-blooded endotherms with mammary glands to nurse young |
| Marsupials Ex: koalas, kangaroos opossums, etc. | Born undeveloped and finish development in pouches |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay egg but still nurse young |