Genetics
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What was the first ever clone animal and when where they cloned | Dolly the sheep, 1996 |
| Hides the expression of the other allele’s trait | Dominant allele |
| Hidden by the dominant allele’s trait | Recessive allele |
| Same two uppercase or lowercase letters (also known as purebred) | Homozygous genotype |
| Different letters; one capital, one lowercase (also known as hybrid) | Heterozygous genotype |
| Alleles separate during the formation of sex cell gametes | Law of segregation |
| Predicts the outcome probability of genetic crosses | Punnett square |
| What is this: 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt | A genotypic ratio |
| What is this: 3 Tall : 1 Short | A phenotypic ratio |
| What is a two gene punnett square | A dihybrid cross |
| Genes can separate during the formation of sex cells gametes and do not have to be linked or inherited together | Law of independent assortment |
| How did Mendel figure out the possible gamete combinations written along the two axes of his dihybrid cross? | He foiled each parent's genotype |
| When one allele is not completely dominant over another resulting in a third mixed phenotype | Incomplete dominance |
| The sex of an individual depends on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. A male’s sex genotype is XY while a female’s is XX. | Sex chromosomes |
| Every other chromosome in your body because there’s only one pair of sex chromosomes per individual | Autosomes |
| Only located on the “X” sex chromosome | X-linked traits |
| What are some examples of a polygenic trait | Skin, hair, and eye color |
| Example of an x linked trait | Color blindness |
| What is used to trace a family’s genotypes and phenotypes and therefore autosomal or X-linked traits | Pedigrees |
| Non sex chromosomes | Autosomes |
| A male’s sex genotype is XY while a female’s is XX | Sex chromosomes |
| Only ever located on “X” sex chromosomes | X-linked trait |
| Allows scientists to compare & identify an individual’s DNA pattern | Gel electrophoresis |
| Manipulating the genetic material of living organisms | Genetic engineering |
| When a strand of DNA transforms because it has acquired and incorporated pieces of foreign DNA | DNA transformation |
| Label: | Plasmid donor gene donor isolated gene isolation of bacterial plasmid plasmid opened with reconstruction enzyme dna ligase binds ends together recombinant dna molecule transformation of fresh bacterium chromosome donor gene transcription mrna translation protein product |
| What was the first ever clone animal and when where they cloned | Dolly the sheep, 1996 |