intro cell biology 2021
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intro cell biology 2021 - Leaderboard
intro cell biology 2021 - Details
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38 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| State basic properties of cells | 1. highly complex and organized 2.possess a genetic program and the means to use it 3.capable of reproducing more of them 4.acquire and utilize energy 5.carry out chemical reaction 6.involve in mechanical activities 7.respond to stimuli 8.capable of self regulation |
| Explain/prove /example that cells are highly complex and organized | - cell structure similar in various organism -each cell type have consistent appearance -organelles have particular shape and location -cells have similar BASIC processes in all living organisms |
| Explain that cells have genetic program and the means to use it | Each cell have genes that construct their cellular structures also can direct cell activities or process. |
| Describe cells are capable of reproducing more of themselves. | Cell reproduce through mitosis and meiosis where mother cell will produce 2 ddaughter cell . Each daughter cell receive complete set of genetic materials and equal volume of cytoplasm except in egg production |
| Describe cell acquire and utilize energy | Light energy trapped by photysentetic cell and be convert to chemical energy. For most animal cells the energy often arrive in form of glucose. Energy is stored in form of ATP . Energy is required for cell to develop and maintain complexity. |
| Describe cells carry out chemical reactions | All chemical changes takes place in cell require enzymes. the total sum of chemical changes of the cell represents cell metabolism. |
| Describe cells engage in mechanical activities | Materials are transported from place to place , structure are assemble and rapidly disassemble , the cell moves from one site to another site, organelles move . All of these are initiated by motor proteins that require constant energy. |
| Describe cell respond to stimuli | Most cell covered with receptors sense environment they react in highly specific way. For example the receptors interact with hormone, growth factors , extracellular materials , surface of other cells . Cell may initiate specific respond such as metabolic activities , cell division, movement and death. |
| Describe cell capability of self regulation | To maintain its complexity and organization. Information reside in nuclei carried out primarrily by proteins . |
| What are the common features of Prokaryotes and eukaryotes | - Both have similar plasma membrane construction -both have DNA as genetic material -Both have similar trancription and translation process -Both have similar metabolic pathway -Both have similar energy conservation in form of ATP |
| What are the features that only found eukaryotes | -have membrane bound nucleus, nuclear envelope containing complex pore structure -numerous chromosome consisting of linear DNA tightly associated with histone protein -complex membranous cytoplamic organelles . -specialized cytoplasmic organelles for specialized activities -complex cytoskeleton -cell division by a mictrotubule containing mitotic spindle to separate the chromosome. |
| Example of eurkaryotes organism | Unicellular (protist) and multicellular |
| Describe multicellular organisms | Organisms that different types of specialized cells to conduct different activities |
| How does the different types of specialized cells formed | Through cell differentiation |
| How does the differentiation take place to formed certain specific cell ? | It depends primarily on signals received from environment . The gene expression where a process by which infromation from gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product which enable it to produce end product , protein or non coding protein . Also the position of embryo plays important factors. |
| Are all cell have similar appearance and content , if no or yes , why | No they have distinctive appearance and content for varied functions. They have similar organelles but may differ in number , appearance and location which correlates with cell activities. |
| What is haematopoietic stem cells , hsc | The haematopoietic stem cells ,HSC can be found in bone marrow is a blood foerming cells. |
| What are the function of the Haematopoietic stem cells , HSC | To regenerate patient own blood forming bone marrow tissue and replacing patient blood cells |
| Define totipotent | Able to develop in any direction give rise to cells of all order |
| Define unipotent | Able to develop in one direction give rise to one cell type. |
| Define pluripotent | Able to develop into several or more types of cells. |
| Example of totipotent cells | Embryonic stem cells |
| Example of adult / somatic stem cell | HCS, neural stem cells , epidermal stem cell |
| Define induced pluripotent stem cell and the function | They are artificially derived from somatic cells which are not pluripotent in nature by inserting certain genes . To make them identical to the natural pluripotent cells . |
| Plasma membrane are composed of ..... | Phospholipids and cholestrol , with a mosiac of proteins and glycolipids embedded in the lipid bilayer |
| What is the function of the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane | To make them mobile |
| State the functions of membrane | 1. compartmentalization 2. sacffold for biochemical activities 3. selective pemearble membrane 4. transport 5. responding to external signal 6. energy production 7. intercellular interaction |
| What IS THE NAME disease is asscociated with the mutation in gene coding for K+ ion channels and its clinical consequences | Long QT SYNDROME (INHERITED DISEASES) THAT WILL CAUSE DIZZINIES AND SUDDEN DEATH |
| What IS THE NAME disease is asscociated with the mutation in gene coding for Cl - ion channels and its clinical consequences | Cystic fibrosis that causes lung congestion and infections |
| Describe cytoplasm | - located outside the nucleus membrane and enclosed within the plasma membrane - consists of cytosol and cellular organelles - acts as medium for mechanical and chemical reactions |
| Describe nuclear envelope | - double layer membrane , serves a s barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm - continuous with ER |
| THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEAR PORE | Allowing the movement RNAs and proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Define nucleoplasm | A fluid substance in which the solutes of nucleus are dissolved |
| Describe nucleolus | Irregular shaped densestructure for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and the assembly of ribosomes |
| Describe nuclear lamina | Dense filamentous meshwork that maintain nuclear shape and site of attachement for interphase chromatin . also organizing nuclear pore complex |
| Describe nuclear matrix | Insoluble fibrillar protein network -provide structural framework for organizing chromatin -facilitate trancription and replication |
| What is the function of NUCLEUS | - control center of cell - contains DNA that is transferred from one generation of cell to the next generation during cell division |
| Nucleus is compose of... | - nucleolus - nuclear lamina -nucleoplasm - nuclear envelope -nuclear pores -chromatin -nuclear matrix |