L14: Thyroid Pathology
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Graves disease | • Abs against TSH receptor • Age: 20-40yrs - Exophthalmos + dermopathy Deposition of ECM • Infiltration of mononuclear cells • Edema. + Increase number of adipocytes. |
| Goiter | - Ingestion of substances which interfere with hormone synthesis like cabbage, cauliflower - hereditary enzymatic defects. • Large neck mass fibrosis, hemorrhage, calcification, cystic change - crowded columnar cells, papillae + enlarged colloid rich gland + multilobulate |
| Hashimoto’s disease | • Autoimmunity due to abnormalities of regulatory T cells • Age: 45-65yrs – LYMPHOID FOLLICLES + DESTRUCTION OE THYROID CELLS. – HURTHLE CELLS |
| Follicular adenoma | - painless mass , Cold nodule ,MICRO-follicular • encapsulated • Bulges above the surface and compresses surrounding tissue • Hurthle cell type -CAPSULAR &/or Vascular invasion |
| Papillary carcinoma | - age 25-50 • Genetic (RET/PTC (radiation background) & BRAF gene mutations) - Painless mass in neck, may be multifocal |
| Follicular carcinoma | Age 40-60 RAS & PIK3CA mutation presentation may occur as a ‘pulsatile mass in bone’ |
| Anaplastic carcinoma | >65years -rapidly growing bulky mass, compromising vital structures in the neck - Pleomorphic tumor cells, giant cells, spindle cells, |
| Medullary carcinoma | From the C cells • mass, dysphagia, hoarseness • secrete calcitonin ✓ HYALINIZATION - activating RET mutations |