N5 Biology - Unit 1: Cell Biology
🇬🇧
In English
In English
Practice Known Questions
Stay up to date with your due questions
Complete 5 questions to enable practice
Exams
Exam: Test your skills
Test your skills in exam mode
Learn New Questions
Popular in this course
Learn with flashcards
Manual Mode [BETA]
Select your own question and answer types
Other available modes
Complete the sentence
Listening & SpellingSpelling: Type what you hear
multiple choiceMultiple choice mode
SpeakingAnswer with voice
Speaking & ListeningPractice pronunciation
TypingTyping only mode
N5 Biology - Unit 1: Cell Biology - Leaderboard
You may also like
You may also like:
N5 Biology - Unit 1: Cell Biology - Details
Levels:
Questions:
111 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is a stain? | A substance used to make cell structures more clearly visable. |
| Light microscope | A microscope that uses light |
| Compound microscope | A microscope that uses multiple lenses |
| Function of nucleus | Contains cell chromosomes which are made of DNA, these hold the genetic information which controls cell activity |
| Function of mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration, mitochondria are found in greater abundance in cells with high energy demands such as muscle cells involved in respiration to release energy in both animal and plant cells |
| Function of cell membrane | Consists of phospholipid and protein molecules, selectively permeable, controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell. |
| Function of ribosome | Site of protein synthesis, found in the cytoplasm or attatched to tubular structures in the cell |
| Function of chloroplast | Site of photosynthesis, contain green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy |
| Function of cell wall | Gives support to the cell and structure to plant tissue, made of a carbohydrate called cellulose |
| Function of cytoplasm | Jelly like material, chemical reactions happen, contains organelles |
| Function of vacuole | Contains cell sap which is a solution of salts and sugars, important in maintaining the shape of the cell |
| Organelles | Small sub-cellular structures with a special function |
| Can you see mitochondria and ribosomes with a light microscope? | No, they are too small |
| Differences of a fungal cell | Only difference from an animal cell is the presence of a cell wall, this cell wall is not made from cellulose |
| Differences of a bacterial cell | No nucleus, has DNA and circular plasmids, the cell wall is different to plants |
| What 2 types of molecules are plasma membranes made of? | Protein and phospholipids |
| What term describes the head of a phospholipid in terms of it's reaction to water? | Hydrophilic (water loving) |
| What term describes the tail of a phospholipid in terms of it's reaction to water? | Hydrophobic (water hating) |
| Name the area inside a cell | Intracellular |
| Name the area inside a cell | Extracellular |
| Selectively permeable meaning | It allows some molecules to pass from one side to the other while other molecule are unable to pass through it |
| Examples of molecules that move by diffusion | Carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose |
| Examples of molecules that don't pass through an SPM by diffusion | Food, protein, starch |
| What is a bilayer? | A double layer of closely packed atoms or molecules |
| Fluid Mosaic | Describes how a cell membrane looks and functions |
| Test for glucose | Benedict's reagent turns brick red |
| Why do cells have a membrane? | So they can have different intracellular conditions from extracellular conditions |
| Why transport? (in green plant cells) | They need to photosynthesise so they require carbon dioxide to enter the cell |
| Passive transport | High to low concentration, does not require energy |
| Active transport | Low to high concentration, does require energy |
| Passive transport examples | Diffusion and osmosis |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until evenly spread |
| Result of diffusion | Even distribution of that type of particle |
| Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane |
| When is a cell fully turgid? | In water |
| Fully turgid | Large vacuole, cell membrane pushed against cell wall, cell wall prevents cell from bursting |
| When is a cell plasmolysed? | In a salt solution (in a concentrated solution) |
| Plasmolysed | Small vacuole, cell membrane shrunken away from cell wall, cell wall prevents collapse |
| What happens to a red blood cell in water? | Water would enter the cell by osmosis, it would swell up then burst |
| Hypertonic | A solution which effectively has a LWC because there is a lot of solute dissolved in it |
| Hypotonic | A solution which effectively has a HWC because there is very little solute dissolved in it |
| Isotonic | Refers to two solutions having the same water concentration |
| What are the terms hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic used for? | To compare water concentrations of fluids on either side of an SPM |
| Solute | The thing that gets dissolved |
| Solvent | What the solute gets dissolved in - the liquid that does the dissolving |
| Solution | The product of a solute dissolving in a solvent |
| Why does amoeba not burst? | It has a contractile vacuole which sucks up the water and squirts it back out |
| Where does the energy needed for active transport come from? | The ATP - which comes from respiration |
| Why can't the DNA leave the nucleus? | It could get lost or damaged |
| Why can't the DNA leave the nucleus? | It could get lost or damaged |
| Why can't the DNA leave the nucleus? | It could get lost or damaged |
| Chromosomes description | Thread like structures found in the nucleus that contain genetic information, they are made up of long coiled strands of DNA |
| Genes description | Sections of DNA containing coded instructions for making a specific protein, each chromosome contains multiple genes which can be seen as a band pattern in chromosomes which have been stained |
| What are the rungs of the DNA ladder? | DNA bases - it's the DNA bases that hold the genetic code |
| What are DNA bases? | Chemical units which bond as complemetery base pairs to hold the double helix together |
| What is the backbone of DNA made of? | Sugar phosphate backbone |
| Base pair | Small chemical units which make up DNA joined like rungs on a ladder |
| DNA | Chemical which contains the genetic code |
| Gene | Unit of inheritance which controls a characteristic |
| Chromosome | Thread like structures found in the nucleus |
| Nucleus | Organelle in cells which contains genetic information |
| Cell | Basic unit of living things |
| Organism | Living being made of single or many cells |
| What are proteins? | Long chains of amino acids folded into a specific shape |
| What are the building blocks of a protein? | Amino acids |
| How is the order of amino acids determined? | By the DNA sequence |
| How are bases arranged? | In triplets |
| What does each triplet of base pairs code for? | A single amino acid |
| What holds amino acids together? | Peptide bonds |
| What is mRNA? | A copy of the DNA sequence |
| What does mRNA do? | Takes the copied instructions out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, it is 'read' by the ribosome which uses the code to make the protein from amino acids |
| What is mRNA a complementary copy of? | One of the DNA strands |
| Why can't the DNA leave the nucleus? | It could get lost or damaged |
| What elements make up proteins? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| What do proteins make the structure of? | Cells:cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membranes and enzymes |
| Proteins are an important part in ... | Muscle, hair, fingernails, horns, antlers |
| What enables proteins to have different roles? | Different shapes |
| What are the 2 types of protein? | Structural and functional |
| Structural protein | Form part of a specific structure |
| Functional protein | Play an active part in something |
| Examples of structural proteins | Muscle, skin, bone, hair, antler, fur |
| Examples of functional proteins | Antibodies, enzymes, protein channels, receptors |
| What is a hormone? | Chemical messengers that are produced in one part of the body and have their effect on another part |
| Denatured | The shape of the active site of the enzyme changes so it is no longer complementary to its substrate |
| What happens if an enzyme is heated? | Because it is a protein, heat will affect its structure - it will become denatured |
| What does an enzyme do? (energy) | Lowers the activation energy required for a reaction |
| Optimum temperature | The temp at which there is highest enzyme activity |
| Optimum pH of pepsin | Around 2.5 |
| How do bacteria contain genetic information? | A small circular plasmid and a large circular chromosome |
| What is the chromosome and the plasmid made from? | Genes, each one coding for a different protein |
| What is genetic engineering? | Scientists can now remove genes from the plasmid and also insert specific genes from other organisms into it. |
| Stage 1 of genetic engineering | Identify the section of DNA that contains the required gene from the source chromosome |
| Stage 2 of genetic engineering | Extract the required gene using a restriction endonuclease enzyme |
| Stage 3 of genetic engineering | Insert the required gene into a bacterial plasmid using a ligase enzyme, the plasmid is the vector (carrier of genetic info) |
| Stage 4 of genetic engineering | Insert the plasmid into a host cell (a bacterium) |