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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
55% Plasma 45% Formed Elements	Blood Properties
7% Proteins, 38% globulins, 4% fibrinogen, 1% Prothrombin	Plasma
Platelets, Leukocytes, Erythrocytes	Formed Elements (in Blood)
Men 5.7L Women 4.3 L	Normal Lung Capacity
2.5L	IRV
3L	IC
0.5L	TV
1L	ERV
1.2L	RV
6L	TLC
2.4L	FRC
4.8L	VC
Normal around 85% (>80%) Respiratory Disorder <70% Asthmatic 42%	(FEV1/FEV x 100)=%
7.23-7.45	Blood/Plasma pH
Respiratory Exchange Ration 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP RER= VCO2 6CO2 _____= _____ =1.0 VO2 6O2	RER Calculation for carbohydrate
E.g. palmitic acid 23O2 + C16H32O2 --> 16CO2 +16H2O +129 ATP RER= VCO2 16CO2 _____= _____ =0.7 VO2 23O2	RER Calculation for Fatty Acids (fat)
An RER of 0.7 = fat is the predominant fuel source. 1.0 = carbohydrate the predominant fuel source. Between 0.7 and 1.0 suggests a mix of both fat and carbohydrate. 1.0 during exercise. Normal 200/250= 0.80 (mixed diet)	RER Value meanings
60-11 for adults. Men around 70. Women faster.	Normal HR
120/80mmHg	Normal Blood pressure
>140/>90mmHg	Hypertension
<90/<60 mmHg	Hypotension
-70mV	Resting Potential
-55mV threshold (once reached AP begins). Depolarisation occurs with Na channels open.	Action Potential
Occurs at +30mV following action potential after Na rush in. K rushes out	Repolarisation
Around 3L fluid a day	Lymph Glands Filter ? Each day
GFR = 180 L/day Urine production = 1.5 L/day	GFR and Urine Production, L/day
Frequency (e.g. 12bpm) x Tidal volume (e.g. 0.5L) = minute ventilation (e.g. 6L/min)	Minute Ventilation Calculation
0.3 seconds	Systole duration
0.6 seconds	Systole length
Diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3) (Average pressure across cardiac cycle)	Mean arterial pressure calculation
Systolic pressure- diastolic pressure (pressure felt at arteries)	Pulse pressure calculation
Stroke Volume, Speed of Ejection, Compliance	Pulse pressure determined by