In our modern society, when do students typically reach the state of identity achievement?

Research indicates that students reach identity achievement more commonly AFTER -instead of during- high school (Berzonsky, 2011; Duriez, Luyckx, Soenens, & Berznosky, 2012; Kroger, Martinussen, & Marcia, 2010). This is especially true for college students, who have more time to consider what they want to do with their lives and often change their majors a number of times during their college careers (Klimstra, Hale, Raaijmakers, Branje, & Meeus, 2010).