How is histology of viral inflammation?

Virus-infested cells have a variable appearance in conventional histology: Normal appearance: The viral antigen is however present and can be detected by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy. The cells may show "suffering" signs resulting in a cellular ballooning. Sometimes there are viral inclusions: consisting of intra-cytoplasmic or intranuclear accumulation of viral proteins ✔ Intranuclear inclusions of cytomegalovirus ✔ Giant cells by fusion of histiocytic or epithelial elements (measles, herpes). ✔ Signs of viral infestation can be evidenced by some cytological examinations: HPV on pap smear