Venoms contain high-molecular weight proteins, PROTEINASES & ESTERASES, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, HISTAMINE, LIPIDS, & POLYSACCHARIDES. The venoms produces CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES and CHANGES IN ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE Clinical Problems: ○ BLEEDING, REDNESS, & SWELLING ○ LOCALIZED TISSUE CHANGES and NECROSIS ○ Severe envenomation may cause nausea and vomiting, changes in HEART RATE, VERTIGO and HEADACHE