Anaphy & Physiology
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What are the types of ANATOMY? | SYSTEMATIC REGIONAL SURFACE ANATOMICAL IMAGING |
| It is non-invasive method for examining deep structures (e.g.: MRI, CT Scan, X-ray) | Anatomical Imaging |
| What are the structural levels of the body? | Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism |
| What are the Characteristics of Life? | ORGANIZATION METABOLISM RESPONSIVENESS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT REPRODUCTION |
| It is the ideal or the normal range | Set point |
| • Regulating most body systems where any deviations from the set point is made smaller or is resisted. • Maintains variation within a normal range | Negative Feedback |
| What are the components of Homeostasis? | Receptor Control Center Effector |
| It is when person standing erect with face and palms down. Term used when the person lying face up. Term used when person | ANATOMICAL POSITION -Supine -Prone |
| • Superior | Above |
| • Inferior | Below |
| • Anterior | Front |
| • Posterior | Back |
| • Medial | Close to Midline |
| • Lateral | Away from Midline |
| • Proximal | Close to point of attachment |
| • Distal | Far from point of attachment |
| • Superficial | Close to surface |
| • Deep | Toward interior of body |
| What are the Body Regions? | -Upper Limbs -Lower Limbs -Central -Trunk |
| What are the Body Planes? and its descrption. | -Sagittal(runs vertically seperates body in left and right) -Mid Sagittal(runs down the middle,divides body into equal left and right) -Transverse(runs horizontally,separates top ang bottom) -Frontal(runs vertically,separates anterior and posterior) |
| BODY CAVITIES | -Thoracic Cavity -Mediastinum -Abdominal Cavity -Pelvic Cavity -Pericardial Cavity -Pleural Cavity -Peritoneal Cavity |
| • Thoracic cavity | : heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea |
| • Mediastinum | : divides thoracic cavity into left and right |
| • Abdominal cavity | : stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys |
| • Pelvic cavity | : urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine |
| • Pericardial cavity | : around heart |
| • Pleural cavity | : around lungs |
| • Peritoneal cavity | : around abdominopelvic cavity |
| What are the 2 Membranes? | -Mesentery -Serous Membrane |
| It cover organs and line cavity walls. | -Serous Membrane |
| 2 types of Serous Membrane and its function | -Visceral Membrane(covers organ) -Parietal Membrane(lines cavity wall) |
| What are the 3 atomic structure? | Proton Electron Neutron |
| What are the different types of bonding? | Ionic bonding Covalent Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds Non polar Covalent bonding |
| It is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions . e.g. Na+ + Cl- = NaCl (table salt) | IONIC BONDING |
| • atoms share one or more pairs of electrons • Ex. Hydrogen molecule o Single Covalent bond (H-H) o Double Covalent bond (O=C=O) | COVALENT BONDING |
| • equal sharing of electrons | NON POLAR COVALENT BONDING |
| • unequal sharing of electrons o Ex. Water (H2O) | POLAR COVALENT BONDING |
| • molecules with asymmetrical electrical charge • have a positive “end” and a negative “end” | POLAR MOLECULES |
| • molecules with asymmetrical electrical charge • have a positive “end” and a negative “end” | POLAR MOLECULES |
| • A substance from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms • e.g. NaCl | COMPOUNDS |
| It is the formation or breaking of chemical bonds | Chemical Reaction |
| All of the synthesis reactions (building blocks) that occur in the body are colectively referred to as _______. | Anabolism/Anabolic Reaction |
| It is also the process to build two or more molecules when water is also a product. | Dehydration(water-out) Reaction |
| The decomposition reactions (Destructive Blocks) that occur in the body are collectively called ___________. | Catabolism/Catabolic Reaction |
| It is the reaction when water uses in the process to separate or break molecules. | Hydrolysis (water-breakdown) Reaction |
| All of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body are collectively defined as ________. | Metabolism |
| • Combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction. • Represented as: AB + CD → AC + BD • Proteins that speed up reactions | Exchange Reactions |
| Energy in motion | KINETIC ENERGY |
| It is the energy stored in chemical | CHEMICAL ENERGY |
| It is the stored energy | POTENTIAL ENERGY |
| Energy resulting from the position or movement of objects. | MECHANICAL ENERGY |
| What affects Chemical Reactions? | 1.Reactants 2.Concentration 3.Temperature 4.Catalysts |
| • Carbon-containing molecules • Major groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid | ORGANIC MOLECULES |
| •It Contain C, H, O atoms • H:O is a 2:1 ratio • Ex. C6H12O6(chemical formula of glucose) | CARBOHYDRATES |
| It is considered the building blocks of carbohydrates. o simple sugar (1 sugar) oEx. Glucose and fructose | Monosaccharides |
| O many sugars o Ex. Starch,grain,vegetables,glycogen,etc. | Polysaccharides |
| What are the functions of CARBOHYDRATES? | • Short-term energy storage • Converted to glucose quickly • Glucose is used to make ATP (energy) • Brain cells require glucose |