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level: Business Process Management

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Business Process Management

QuestionAnswer
Definition of a Business Process• A business process is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. • A business process is a specific ordering of work activities/tasks across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and outputs: a structure for action. ... Taking a process approach implies adopting the customer’s point of view. Processes are the structure by which an organization does what is necessary to produce value for its customers.
Characteristics for a Business Process•Definability: It must have clearly defined boundaries, input andoutput. • Order: It must consist of activities/tasks that are orderedaccording to their position in time and space (a sequence). • Customer: There must be a recipient of the process' outcome, acustomer. • Value-adding: The transformation taking place within theprocess must add value to the recipient, either upstream ordownstream. • Embeddedness: A process cannot exist in itself, it must beembedded in an organizational structure. • Cross-functionality: A process regularly can, but not necessarilymust, span several functions.
From the BMM Perspective• Business process delivers offering • Business process manages asset • Business process realizes course of action
BPM-Process levels• Level 1- Process Area: A high-level aggregation of deliverable processes. • Level 2- Process Group: A bundle of processes that belong to the same area of responsibility dealing with similar tasks and activities for functional or other reasons. • Level 3- Business Process : The business process is the level that aggregates business-oriented functions or steps into a unit that is meaningful and comprehensive in a sense that the steps or function incorporated are essential steps that transform an input into an enriched output . • Level 4- Process Steps: an activity performed by a user or a piece of software together with other steps forming a business process. • Level 5- Process Activities: Activities are the lowest granularity for business process modeling and reflect the single actions a user or a system performs to fulfill the process step. i.e., filling in the fields of a special mask consist of activities as each field has to be filled to end the step
Level 1- Process Area•A Process Area is a high-level, abstract aggregation of a set of Process Groups that frames or positions the context of the Process Group as its nature. How to Identify Process Areas? • A process area is categorized according to either: • Enterprise business areas, business units, or divisions. • End-to-end flow of process areas. How is a Process Area Documented? • Typically documented using a process map such as the value chain diagram.
Level 2- Process Group• A Process Group is a bundle of processes that acts as a container to combine a coherent and complete set of processes, which together produce a final output that provides a specific benefit or value to a specific set of stakeholders (internal or external). •A well-formed Process Group will consist of a complete set of processes that describe the activity required to carry out the full set of work required for the business to deliver both the valued output that the Process Group is intended to produce and all the business objects within its operating cycle. • process group provides capabilities for the enterprise to operate
Level 2- How to identify a Process Group?A Process Group must meet the following conditions: 1. Every Process Group will have a single output identified that it is accountable to produce. 2. The output of a Process Group must be in a final valued form. 3. The Process Group output must address the recognized needs of an identified group and be received by at least two categories of recipients. 4. A single, unique owner is accountable for the output 5. A Process Group must be represented by business service created to encapsulate the set of resources and business processes needed to produce the output. 6. The output Business Service must be either consumed by two or more other Business Services, two or more recipients of the Business Service, or some combination.
Level 2- Process Types of the Process Group• Planning Processes that describe the work of determining how that Business Service will respond to demands. Planning Processes operate on a planning cycle, or in response to contingencies. • Provisioning Processes that describe the work of preparing the Business Service to respond to demands in accordance with plans. • Delivery Processes that operate repeatedly when each request for a Business Service output is received. • Deregister/Decommission processes that recognize the lifecycles of resources, suppliers, Business Service outputs, or Business Service recipients and operate according to the lifecycle stages of these elements. • Oversight Processes that monitor, provide feedback, and thus control the performance of the other processes within the Process Group.
Level 2- How a Process Group Documented?• Process group is documented in a Process Map. • A process Group is named based on the valued output it is accountable for producing prefixed with a verb that imparts the finality of what is accomplished. • Verbs such as “provide” (provide funding, provide food), “furnish” (furnish car, furnish payment), “address” (address question, address complaint), and “steward” (steward funds, steward buildings) are appropriate. 23
Level 3- Business Process• A Process will produce a single, usable, and complete business object: a product, a control object, or information object, any of which can then be consumed as a single thing, which makes it essential to fulfill the requirements to complete something that is needed by the enterprise as a mean to act.
Level 3- How to Identify Process?•Each process will produce a single, complete, and meaningful result that contributes to the completion of the valued output necessary for the conclusion of the work of A Process Group. • When creating a process, the name given to the process will be derived from its goal. The process goal is an atomic statement describing the result of the successful completion of the process based on the process type and output produced. • Processes are named by referring to the business object that is completed by the process, suffixed with a verb that gives a sense of completion. • Verbs such as “determine”, “complete”, and “answer provide this sense on completion, whereas “draft”, develop”, and “propose” lack the finality needed to convey the needed completeness and will result in candidate processes that will not stand up to further decomposition.
Level 3- How are Processes Documented?• Documentation of business processes is captured in a Process Map. • Processes have preconditions that must be met or dependencies that must be satisfied. Therefore, whereas model map maybe used to show the inventory of processes, a process model will show the dependency chain required.
Level 4- Process Step•A Process Step exist as an essential part of what is required to control a process. • In each case of the process step, one of the two rules involved initiates the sequence by performing one or more aspects of the work and a second role is involved in completing other parts of the process before the output needed to complete the process achieved. • A process step is part of the journey to completion of the process object that is produces by a particular process. • A process step is a unit of work that is related to exactly one object (e.g, human, sheet of paper, purchase order (system), and that is executed by one role.
Level 4- How to Identify Process Steps?The specifics of the steps involved in a process are based on two factors: 1. Is the nature of the process, which then permits the core steps to be defined. 2. Is driven by seven process oriented policies. These independent policies will dictate the steps required to flesh out or be added to a process to complement and complete the set of core process.
Level 4- The 5 process types used to define core steps:The 5 process types used to define core steps: 1. Respond to request (prepare request, submit request, receive request, act on request, provide response, accept response). 2. Provide or publish an output (prepare output, provide output, receive output). 3. Provide or publish and output and confirm receipt ( prepare output, provide output, receive output, verify conformance of output to requirement, confirm receipt of output, receive confirmation of receipt of output). 4. Collaborate to produce a shared output (collaborate of output). 5. Monitor and respond (observe conditions, assess conditions, determine action required, provide direction/assessment, receive direction/assessment). 33 Level 4- Process Step The 7 process-oriented policies:
Level 4- what are The 7 process-oriented policies?The 7 process-oriented policies: 1. When are payments for the output made? (n/a, before, now, later). 2. When is value provided relative to the request? (now, later). 3. Is a profile of the service partner (customer, supplier) maintained? (yes, no). 4. How is the price of the output established? (n/a, negotiate, standard pricing). 5. Are the rights to the output transferred? (yes, no). 6. Is the output tracked after the transaction? (yes, no) 7. Is the output prefabricated or made to order? (invented, built to order).
Level 4- the 7 process-oriented policies are used to create a process step?Collectively, the answers to these questions and steps identified through the process type complete the list of steps necessary to capture the specification of work at this level. • For example, if the answer to Question 4, “How is price for the output is established?” where that the prices is determined by standard pricing, the process step “look up product price on price list” would have to be added. • If the answer to the this question indicated that the prices are determined via negotiation, the process “negotiate product price” would be needed
Level 4- How Are Process Steps Documented?Process steps may be documented in a structured model that identifies the events (things outside the work that initiate, and terminate the actions described in the model) and the steps required to move the business object to completion. • Process steps is typically documented in a Process Step Model using a BPMN notation.
Level 5- ActivityHow to Identify Activities? • At this level we are capable of exposing and capturing the interaction with the individual atomic objects that a worker in a role can view, access, and/or manipulate within the work. Activities will be of two types: • There will be one activity will always recognize the work to convert some set of inputs into output (transformational work), complete a transaction within rule-based work, or, in situations of high ambiguity, reach a judgment or conclusion (tacit work). • The remaining activities are each associated with one of the inputs consumed in creating the output.
Level 5- How Are Activities Documented?• Process activities are documented in a structured model that identifies the events ( things outside the process that initiate, terminate, or happen during the course of action described in the model), and the set of activities required within scope of the process step. • Process Activities typically documented in a Process Activities Model using a BPMN notation.