Evaluation of Asch's studies in terms of validity and cultural differences.

. -1950's USA = strong anti-communist movement so people scared of not conforming. ALSO Perrin and Spencer repeated study in 80's UK and only 1/396 conformed (low temporal validity). HOWEVER when tested on youths on probation and their probation officers, similar levels to Asch's found = higher risk to not conforming makes conforming rate higher . - Hard for confederates to act convincingly when giving wrong answer HOWEVER Mori and Arai gave ppts filtered glasses so the majority's answer was more convincing; only female ptts' results closely matched results OG Asch study . - Smith et al: conformity % in collective = 37% vs individualistic = 25% because different cultures view conformity differently so research lacks population validity